221
Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical in Natural Waters
Table 2 Production rates of hydroxyl radical (HO
•
) reported from natural waters, standard nitrite (NO
2
− ) nitrate (NO
3
− ) and various standard organic
substances
Type of samples/substances
Sample
Source of light/
wavelength (nm)
Production rate
of HO •
× 10
−11
(Ms
−1 )
References
Rivers
Stream, contaminated with acid mine drainage Freshwater-polluted Sunlight
400–7,400
Allen et al. (1996)
Kurose River (upstream): 1 site
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
1.8
Takeda et al. (2004)
Kurose River (downstream regions): 7 sites
Freshwater-sewage
polluted
Xe lamp b
17–89
Takeda et al. (2004)
Ohta River (upstream regions): 4 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
0.6–1.1
Takeda et al. (2004)
Ohta River (downstream regions): 4 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
1.0–2.6
Takeda et al. (2004)
Kurose River (upstream regions): 2 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
7.0–0.5
Nakatani et al. (2004)
Kurose River (downstream): 2 sites
Freshwater-sewage
polluted
Xe lamp b
17–33
Nakatani et al. (2007)
River waters: upstream & downstream: 33 sites Freshwater-sewage
polluted
Xe lamp b
0.78–530
Nakatani et al. (2007)
Kurose River (upstream regions): 2 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
0.9–2.5
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
Kurose River (downstream regions): 4 sites
Freshwater-sewage
polluted
Xe lamp b
8.0–570
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
Ohta River (upstream regions): 3 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
1.3–1.8
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
Ohta River (downstream regions): 3 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
1.7–2.9
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
Ogeechee River
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
24.0
White et al. (2003)
Satilla River
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
45.0
White et al. (2003)
Satilla River (bleached)
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
20.0
White et al. (2003)
Pine Barrens
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
170.0
White et al. (2003)
Wetland on Lake Erie
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
20–26
White et al. (2003)
Artificial agricultural wetland
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
23.0
White et al. (2003)
Rice Field water
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
64.0
Mabury (1993)
(continued)
Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical in Natural Waters
Table 2 Production rates of hydroxyl radical (HO
•
) reported from natural waters, standard nitrite (NO
2
− ) nitrate (NO
3
− ) and various standard organic
substances
Type of samples/substances
Sample
Source of light/
wavelength (nm)
Production rate
of HO •
× 10
−11
(Ms
−1 )
References
Rivers
Stream, contaminated with acid mine drainage Freshwater-polluted Sunlight
400–7,400
Allen et al. (1996)
Kurose River (upstream): 1 site
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
1.8
Takeda et al. (2004)
Kurose River (downstream regions): 7 sites
Freshwater-sewage
polluted
Xe lamp b
17–89
Takeda et al. (2004)
Ohta River (upstream regions): 4 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
0.6–1.1
Takeda et al. (2004)
Ohta River (downstream regions): 4 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
1.0–2.6
Takeda et al. (2004)
Kurose River (upstream regions): 2 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
7.0–0.5
Nakatani et al. (2004)
Kurose River (downstream): 2 sites
Freshwater-sewage
polluted
Xe lamp b
17–33
Nakatani et al. (2007)
River waters: upstream & downstream: 33 sites Freshwater-sewage
polluted
Xe lamp b
0.78–530
Nakatani et al. (2007)
Kurose River (upstream regions): 2 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
0.9–2.5
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
Kurose River (downstream regions): 4 sites
Freshwater-sewage
polluted
Xe lamp b
8.0–570
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
Ohta River (upstream regions): 3 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
1.3–1.8
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
Ohta River (downstream regions): 3 sites
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
1.7–2.9
Mostofa KMG and Sakugawa H (unpublished data) a
Ogeechee River
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
24.0
White et al. (2003)
Satilla River
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
45.0
White et al. (2003)
Satilla River (bleached)
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
20.0
White et al. (2003)
Pine Barrens
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
170.0
White et al. (2003)
Wetland on Lake Erie
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
20–26
White et al. (2003)
Artificial agricultural wetland
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
23.0
White et al. (2003)
Rice Field water
Freshwater
Xe lamp b
64.0
Mabury (1993)
(continued)