9. Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Organic Contaminants
233
Sbdergren, A.; Okla, L. Simulation of interfacial mechanisms with dialysis membranes to
study uptake and elimination of persistent pollutants in aquatic organisms. Verh. Int.
Verein. Limno\. 23:1633-1638; 1988.
Stange, K.; Swackhamer, D.L. Factors affecting phytoplankton species-specific differences
in accumulation of 40 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Environ. Toxico\. Chern.
13:1849-1860; 1994.
Stehly, G.R; Hayton, W.L. Effect of pH on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol
in goldfish. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxico\. 19:464-470; 1990.
Struger, J.; Elliot, J.E.; Bishop, c.A.; Obbard, M.E.; Norstrom, R.J.; Weseloh, D.Y.; Simon,
M.; Ng, P. Environmental contaminants of the common snapping turtle from the Great
Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin of Ontario, Canada (1981-1984). J. Great Lakes Res.
19:681-694; 1993.
Suedel, B.C.; Boraczek, J.A.; Peddicord, RK.; Clifford, P.A.; Dillon, T.M. Trophic transfer
and biomagnification potential of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Rev. Environ.
Contam. Toxico\. 136:21-84; 1994.
Swackhamer, D.L.; Hites, R.A. Occurrence and bioaccumulation of organochlorine compounds in fishes from Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royal, Lake Superior. Environ. Sci. Techno\.
22:543-548; 1988.
Swartz, RC.; Lee, H., II. Biological processes affecting distribution of pollutants in marine
sediments. Part I. Accumulation, trophic transfer, biodegradation and migration. In:
Baker, R.A., ed. Contaminants and Sediments. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science
Publishers; 1980:p. 534-563.
Thomann, R.Y. Bioaccumulation model of organic chemical distribution in aquatic food
chains. Environ. Sci. Techno\. 23 :699-707; 1989.
Thomann, R.Y.; Connolly, J.P. Model of PCB in the Lake Michigan lake trout food chain.
Environ. Sci. Techno\. 18:65-71; 1984.
Tillitt, D.E.; Ankley, G.T.; Giesy, J.P.; Ludwig, J.P.; Kurita-Matsuba, H.; Weseloh, D.V.;
Ross, P.S.; Bishop, c.A.; Sileo, L.; Stromborg, K.L.; Larson, J.; Kubiak, T.J. Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great
Lakes. Environ. Toxico\. Chern. 11: 1281-1288; 1992.
Trust, K.A.; Fairbrother, A.; Hooper, M.J. Effects of 2,3,7 ,8-tetrachlorodibenz( a)anthracene on immune function and mixed function oxidase in the European starling. Environ.
Toxico\. Chern. 13:821-830; 1994.
Tulasi, S.J.; Reddy, P.U.M.; Ramana Rao, J. Y. Accumulation of lead and effects on total
lipids and lipid-derivatives in the freshwater fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Ecotoxico\. Environ. Safety 23:33-38; 1992.
van den Berg, M.E.J.; Craane, B.L.H.J.; Sinnige, T.; van Mourik, S.; Dirksen, S.;
Boudewijn, T.; van der Gaag, M.; Lutke-Schipholt, U.; Spenkelink, B.; Brouwer, A.
Biochemical and toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) after in ovo
exposure. Environ. Toxico\. Chern. 13:803-816; 1994.
van den Heuvel, M.R; McCarty, L.S.; Lanno, R.P.; Hickie, B.E.; Dixon, D.G. Effect of
total body lipid on the toxicity and toxicokinetics of pentachlorophenol in rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Toxico\. 20:235-252; 1991.
van der Oost, R.; Heida, H.; Opperhuizen, A. Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in
sediments, plankton, mollusks, crustaceans, and eel in a freshwater lake: Implications of
using reference chemicals and indicator organisms in bioaccumulation studies. Arch.
Environ. Contam. Toxico\. 17:721-729; 1988.
Vanderzaden, M.J.; Rasmussen, J.B. A trophic position model of pelagic food webs-
233
Sbdergren, A.; Okla, L. Simulation of interfacial mechanisms with dialysis membranes to
study uptake and elimination of persistent pollutants in aquatic organisms. Verh. Int.
Verein. Limno\. 23:1633-1638; 1988.
Stange, K.; Swackhamer, D.L. Factors affecting phytoplankton species-specific differences
in accumulation of 40 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Environ. Toxico\. Chern.
13:1849-1860; 1994.
Stehly, G.R; Hayton, W.L. Effect of pH on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol
in goldfish. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxico\. 19:464-470; 1990.
Struger, J.; Elliot, J.E.; Bishop, c.A.; Obbard, M.E.; Norstrom, R.J.; Weseloh, D.Y.; Simon,
M.; Ng, P. Environmental contaminants of the common snapping turtle from the Great
Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin of Ontario, Canada (1981-1984). J. Great Lakes Res.
19:681-694; 1993.
Suedel, B.C.; Boraczek, J.A.; Peddicord, RK.; Clifford, P.A.; Dillon, T.M. Trophic transfer
and biomagnification potential of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Rev. Environ.
Contam. Toxico\. 136:21-84; 1994.
Swackhamer, D.L.; Hites, R.A. Occurrence and bioaccumulation of organochlorine compounds in fishes from Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royal, Lake Superior. Environ. Sci. Techno\.
22:543-548; 1988.
Swartz, RC.; Lee, H., II. Biological processes affecting distribution of pollutants in marine
sediments. Part I. Accumulation, trophic transfer, biodegradation and migration. In:
Baker, R.A., ed. Contaminants and Sediments. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science
Publishers; 1980:p. 534-563.
Thomann, R.Y. Bioaccumulation model of organic chemical distribution in aquatic food
chains. Environ. Sci. Techno\. 23 :699-707; 1989.
Thomann, R.Y.; Connolly, J.P. Model of PCB in the Lake Michigan lake trout food chain.
Environ. Sci. Techno\. 18:65-71; 1984.
Tillitt, D.E.; Ankley, G.T.; Giesy, J.P.; Ludwig, J.P.; Kurita-Matsuba, H.; Weseloh, D.V.;
Ross, P.S.; Bishop, c.A.; Sileo, L.; Stromborg, K.L.; Larson, J.; Kubiak, T.J. Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great
Lakes. Environ. Toxico\. Chern. 11: 1281-1288; 1992.
Trust, K.A.; Fairbrother, A.; Hooper, M.J. Effects of 2,3,7 ,8-tetrachlorodibenz( a)anthracene on immune function and mixed function oxidase in the European starling. Environ.
Toxico\. Chern. 13:821-830; 1994.
Tulasi, S.J.; Reddy, P.U.M.; Ramana Rao, J. Y. Accumulation of lead and effects on total
lipids and lipid-derivatives in the freshwater fish Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Ecotoxico\. Environ. Safety 23:33-38; 1992.
van den Berg, M.E.J.; Craane, B.L.H.J.; Sinnige, T.; van Mourik, S.; Dirksen, S.;
Boudewijn, T.; van der Gaag, M.; Lutke-Schipholt, U.; Spenkelink, B.; Brouwer, A.
Biochemical and toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) after in ovo
exposure. Environ. Toxico\. Chern. 13:803-816; 1994.
van den Heuvel, M.R; McCarty, L.S.; Lanno, R.P.; Hickie, B.E.; Dixon, D.G. Effect of
total body lipid on the toxicity and toxicokinetics of pentachlorophenol in rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Toxico\. 20:235-252; 1991.
van der Oost, R.; Heida, H.; Opperhuizen, A. Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in
sediments, plankton, mollusks, crustaceans, and eel in a freshwater lake: Implications of
using reference chemicals and indicator organisms in bioaccumulation studies. Arch.
Environ. Contam. Toxico\. 17:721-729; 1988.
Vanderzaden, M.J.; Rasmussen, J.B. A trophic position model of pelagic food webs-