106
C.E. Goulden et al.
(Goulden et aI., 1987). This role of storage lipids in population regulation must be
distinguished from growth and reproductive limitations set by suboptimal concentrations of protein, essential amino acids, or fatty acids in the diet. Lipids and
protein conceivably play distinctly different roles in the regulation of Daphnia
populations. The experimental results reported here suggest that dietary lipids are
adequate to support good zooplankton growth and reproduction under the conditions we studied. When food quality is poor, in the absence of toxins, dietary
proteins may be found to be limiting in ambient diets. However, we cannot
exclude limitation by other lipids not tested in this study (Muller-Navarra, 1995).
Acknowledgments. The research reported here was supported by NSF grants
BSR-86-15328 to C. E. Goulden and R. E. Moeller, BSR-82-14820 to Goulden,
and DCB-87-09340 to A. Place. Funding from the Environmental Associates of
the Academy of Natural Sciences and a Ruth Patrick Fellowship to Moeller
stimulated the collaborative project. Moeller acknowledges support from the Andrew Mellon Foundation through the Pocono Comparative Lakes Project at
Lehigh University. We are grateful to the Lacawac Sanctuary and its former
director, Sally Jones, for access to field and laboratory facilities there and to Alan
Everett for his help in the field and laboratory throughout the project. We express
our sincere appreciation to Dr. Ruth Patrick and the late Dr. Luigi Provasoli for
their encouragement of this research.
References
Anonymous. SAS user's guide: statistics. Version 5. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina,
USA; 1985.
Butler, N.M.; Suttle, C.A.; Neill, W.E. Discrimination by freshwater zooplankton between
single algal cells differing in nutritional status. Oecologia 78:368-372; 1989.
Carmichael, W.W.; Gorham, P. An improved method for obtaining axenic clones of
planktonic blue-green algae. J. Phycol. 10:238-240; 1974.
Conklin, D.E.; Provasoli, L. Nutritional requirements of the water flea, Moina macrocopa.
BioI. Bull. 152:337-350; 1977.
Cowgill, U.M.; Williams, D.M.; Esquivel, J.B. Effect of maternal nutrition on fat content
and longevity of neonates of Daphnia magna. J. Crust. BioI. 4: 173-190; 1984.
Cowles, T.J.; Olson, R.J.; Chisholm, S.W. Food selection by copepods: discrimination on
the basis of food quality. Mar. BioI. 100:41-49; 1988.
D' Abramo, L.R. Dietary fatty acid and temperature effects on the productivity of the
cladoceran, Moina macrocopa. BioI. Bull. 157:234-248; 1979.
Erwin, J.A. Comparative biochemistry of fatty acids in eukaryotic microorganisms. In:
Erwin, J.A., ed. Lipids and Biomembranes of Eukaryotic Microorganisms. New York:
Academic Press; 1973:p. 41-143.
Frank, P.W. Prediction of population growth form in Daphnia pulex cultures. Am. Nat.
94:357-372; 1960.
Goulden, C.E.; Henry, L. Lipid energy reserves and their role in Cladocera. In: Meyers,
D.G.; Strickler, J.R., eds. Trophic Interactions within Aquatic Ecosystems. Boulder, CO:
Selected Symposium Volume, American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Westview Press; 1985:p. 167-185.
C.E. Goulden et al.
(Goulden et aI., 1987). This role of storage lipids in population regulation must be
distinguished from growth and reproductive limitations set by suboptimal concentrations of protein, essential amino acids, or fatty acids in the diet. Lipids and
protein conceivably play distinctly different roles in the regulation of Daphnia
populations. The experimental results reported here suggest that dietary lipids are
adequate to support good zooplankton growth and reproduction under the conditions we studied. When food quality is poor, in the absence of toxins, dietary
proteins may be found to be limiting in ambient diets. However, we cannot
exclude limitation by other lipids not tested in this study (Muller-Navarra, 1995).
Acknowledgments. The research reported here was supported by NSF grants
BSR-86-15328 to C. E. Goulden and R. E. Moeller, BSR-82-14820 to Goulden,
and DCB-87-09340 to A. Place. Funding from the Environmental Associates of
the Academy of Natural Sciences and a Ruth Patrick Fellowship to Moeller
stimulated the collaborative project. Moeller acknowledges support from the Andrew Mellon Foundation through the Pocono Comparative Lakes Project at
Lehigh University. We are grateful to the Lacawac Sanctuary and its former
director, Sally Jones, for access to field and laboratory facilities there and to Alan
Everett for his help in the field and laboratory throughout the project. We express
our sincere appreciation to Dr. Ruth Patrick and the late Dr. Luigi Provasoli for
their encouragement of this research.
References
Anonymous. SAS user's guide: statistics. Version 5. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina,
USA; 1985.
Butler, N.M.; Suttle, C.A.; Neill, W.E. Discrimination by freshwater zooplankton between
single algal cells differing in nutritional status. Oecologia 78:368-372; 1989.
Carmichael, W.W.; Gorham, P. An improved method for obtaining axenic clones of
planktonic blue-green algae. J. Phycol. 10:238-240; 1974.
Conklin, D.E.; Provasoli, L. Nutritional requirements of the water flea, Moina macrocopa.
BioI. Bull. 152:337-350; 1977.
Cowgill, U.M.; Williams, D.M.; Esquivel, J.B. Effect of maternal nutrition on fat content
and longevity of neonates of Daphnia magna. J. Crust. BioI. 4: 173-190; 1984.
Cowles, T.J.; Olson, R.J.; Chisholm, S.W. Food selection by copepods: discrimination on
the basis of food quality. Mar. BioI. 100:41-49; 1988.
D' Abramo, L.R. Dietary fatty acid and temperature effects on the productivity of the
cladoceran, Moina macrocopa. BioI. Bull. 157:234-248; 1979.
Erwin, J.A. Comparative biochemistry of fatty acids in eukaryotic microorganisms. In:
Erwin, J.A., ed. Lipids and Biomembranes of Eukaryotic Microorganisms. New York:
Academic Press; 1973:p. 41-143.
Frank, P.W. Prediction of population growth form in Daphnia pulex cultures. Am. Nat.
94:357-372; 1960.
Goulden, C.E.; Henry, L. Lipid energy reserves and their role in Cladocera. In: Meyers,
D.G.; Strickler, J.R., eds. Trophic Interactions within Aquatic Ecosystems. Boulder, CO:
Selected Symposium Volume, American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Westview Press; 1985:p. 167-185.