395
though many reports are available for its effects in gastrointestinal disorders. Oral
health improvement by probiotics is also increasing in pace in research because of
its safety and efficacy (Zarco et al. 2012).
Probiotics can also be used to enhance the quality of life of HIV-positive people
in whom chronic diarrhea often causes death and to prolong the time for onset of
type I diabetes (Calcinaro et al. 2005). Antiinflammatory effects of the probiotics
could have a major effect in the modulation of immunity (Braat et al. 2006). Any
change in diet can alter gut microbes, and antiinflammatory LAB could be related
to protection against diabetes, which is yet to be clearly investigated.
Inflammatory bowel disease is related to malfunctioning of the immune system,
which causes diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Ulcers may develop in the large and
small intestine in Crohn’s disease. Probiotics may help to treat this disease by reducing inflammation (Lescheid 2014) and delaying the next disease incident. Ulcerative
colitis can be treated with probiotics when a mixture of strains such as
Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus is used. Research is ongoing to
identify better probiotic treatment for intestinal disorders and antibiotic resistance.
Prevention of food allergy by Lactobacillus rhamnosus was reported by Sutas
et al. (1996), and the reduction of intestinal disorders and pouchitis by L. rhamnosus
was studied by Kuisma et al. (2003). Probiotics could reduce the negative impact of
antibiotics and Helicobacter pylori (Canducci et al. 2000), which is a low-cost solution to prevent H. pylori colonization (Pantoflickova et al. 2007).
Probiotic microorganisms should have some essential requirement such as documentation of positive effects on health as well as ideal dosage, and must be administered alive (FAO/WHO 2001). Probiotics involves live microorganisms, and dead
microbes cannot provide beneficial effects. So, the probiotic industry must seriously
think about storage conditions for maximum shelf life and activity. The purity and
number of viable bacteria in every dosage should be strictly maintained.
16.8 Safety of Probiotic Organisms
Safety for human health is the major determinant for probiotics selection. Probiotic
strains should also be characterized by their absence of virulent character and low
resistance to antibiotics (Snydman 2008). Many characteristics such as adhesion
and receptors for adhesion as well as removal of pathogens and microbial viability
for beneficial effects need to be examined in detail for complete awareness of probiotic action.
16.8.1 Negative Impacts
Probiotic microbes should be alive, and thus dietary products should be clearly
monitored and stored for desirable health benefits and safety for children, pregnant
women, and patients with immune disorders. Absence of proper care about storage
may increase the chances of people becoming sick or developing sepsis, especially
16 Probiotics
though many reports are available for its effects in gastrointestinal disorders. Oral
health improvement by probiotics is also increasing in pace in research because of
its safety and efficacy (Zarco et al. 2012).
Probiotics can also be used to enhance the quality of life of HIV-positive people
in whom chronic diarrhea often causes death and to prolong the time for onset of
type I diabetes (Calcinaro et al. 2005). Antiinflammatory effects of the probiotics
could have a major effect in the modulation of immunity (Braat et al. 2006). Any
change in diet can alter gut microbes, and antiinflammatory LAB could be related
to protection against diabetes, which is yet to be clearly investigated.
Inflammatory bowel disease is related to malfunctioning of the immune system,
which causes diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Ulcers may develop in the large and
small intestine in Crohn’s disease. Probiotics may help to treat this disease by reducing inflammation (Lescheid 2014) and delaying the next disease incident. Ulcerative
colitis can be treated with probiotics when a mixture of strains such as
Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus is used. Research is ongoing to
identify better probiotic treatment for intestinal disorders and antibiotic resistance.
Prevention of food allergy by Lactobacillus rhamnosus was reported by Sutas
et al. (1996), and the reduction of intestinal disorders and pouchitis by L. rhamnosus
was studied by Kuisma et al. (2003). Probiotics could reduce the negative impact of
antibiotics and Helicobacter pylori (Canducci et al. 2000), which is a low-cost solution to prevent H. pylori colonization (Pantoflickova et al. 2007).
Probiotic microorganisms should have some essential requirement such as documentation of positive effects on health as well as ideal dosage, and must be administered alive (FAO/WHO 2001). Probiotics involves live microorganisms, and dead
microbes cannot provide beneficial effects. So, the probiotic industry must seriously
think about storage conditions for maximum shelf life and activity. The purity and
number of viable bacteria in every dosage should be strictly maintained.
16.8 Safety of Probiotic Organisms
Safety for human health is the major determinant for probiotics selection. Probiotic
strains should also be characterized by their absence of virulent character and low
resistance to antibiotics (Snydman 2008). Many characteristics such as adhesion
and receptors for adhesion as well as removal of pathogens and microbial viability
for beneficial effects need to be examined in detail for complete awareness of probiotic action.
16.8.1 Negative Impacts
Probiotic microbes should be alive, and thus dietary products should be clearly
monitored and stored for desirable health benefits and safety for children, pregnant
women, and patients with immune disorders. Absence of proper care about storage
may increase the chances of people becoming sick or developing sepsis, especially
16 Probiotics