Table 10.4 Currently used H1R-based antihistamines
Name
Structure
Treatment in
Side effects
First-generation
Chlorpheniramine
Rhinitis, urticaria
CNS effect
Clemastine
Allergic rhinitis
CNS effect
Diphenhydramine
Allergy, common cold,
insomnia, motion
sickness
Cardiac effect, ataxia and
photophobia, dry mouth
and throat
Hydroxyzine
Allergy, urticaria, atopic
or contact dermatoses,
pruritus, used as a
tranquilizer in dentistry
CNS effect, hypotension,
gastrointestinal effect
Promethazine
Allergic reactions,
cough, motion sickness,
used as sedative
CNS effect, respiratory
discomfort, tardive
dyskinesia
Second-generation
Acrivastine
Allergy, hay fever
Dry mouth, loss of
appetite, dizziness
Cetirizine
Allergy, hay fever,
urticaria, angioedema,
rhinovirus infection,
Kimura’s disease
Headache, drowsiness, dry
mouth, and fatigue
Desloratadine
Allergic rhinitis and
nasal congestion
Headache, dry mouth,
fatigue and gastrointestinal
effects
Ebastine
Rhinitis, chronic
idiopathic urticaria
Mild headache, dry mouth,
drowsiness, inflammation
of pharynx/nose/sinus,
abdominal pain
Fexofenadine
Seasonal allergy, hay
fever, nasal congestion,
chronic urticaria
Headache, drowsiness,
back pain, anxiety
insomnia, miosis
Loratadine
Allergy, hay fever,
urticaria
Sedation, psychomotor
retardation
Mizolastine
Allergy,
rhinoconjuctivitis,
chronic urticaria
Dry mouth, diarrhea,
constipation, drowsiness in
some patients
Levocetirizine
Allergic reactions
Headache, drowsiness, dry
mouth, palpitation, blurred
vision