16. Theoretical Properties of Extinction by Inbreeding Depression
289
David P, Delay B, Jarne P (1997) Heterozygosity and growth in the marine bivalve Spisula
ovalis: testing alternative hypotheses. Genetical Research 70:215–223
Eeken JCJ, De Jong AWM, Green MM (1987) The spontaneous mutation rate in
Drosophila simulans. Mutation Research 192:259–262
Falconer DS (1989) Introduction to quantitative genetics, 3rd ed. Longman Scientific and
Technical, New York
Frankel OH, Soul´ e ME (1981) Conservation and evolution. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
Gilpin ME, and Soul´ e ME (1986) Minimum viable populations: the processes of species
extinction. In: Soul´ e ME (ed) Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity.
Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, pp 13–34
Iwasa Y (1998) Ecological risk assessment by the use of the probability of species extinction. In: Nakanishi J (org) Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Risk
Evaluation and Management of Chemicals. Yokohama National University, Yokohama,
Japan, pp 42– 49
Loeschcke V, Tomiuk J, Jain SK (1994) Conservation genetics. Birkhauser, Basel,
Switzerland
Mitton JB (1993) Theory and data pertinent to the relationship between heterozygosity and
fitness. In: Thornhill NW (ed) The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding. The
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp 17– 41
Mitton JB, Grant MC (1984) Associations among protein heterozygosity, growth rate, and
developmental homeostasis. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15:479– 499
Nei M (1987) Molecular evolutionary genetics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
UK
O’Brien SJ, Wildt DE, Goldman D, Merril DR, Bush M (1983) The Cheetah is depauperate
in genetic variation. Science 211:459– 462
O’Brien SJ, Wildt DE, Bush M, Caro TM, Fitzgibbon C, Aggundey I, Leakey RE (1987)
East African Cheetahs: evidence for two population bottlenecks? Proceedings of National Academy and Sciences of the USA 84:508–511
Ouborg NJ, Treuren RV (1994) The significance of genetic erosion in the process of
extinction. IV. Inbreeding load and heterosis in relation to population size in the mint
Salvia pratensis. Evolution 48:996–1008
Ralls K, Ballou J, Templeton A (1988) Estimates of lethal equivalents and the cost of
inbreeding in mammals. Conservation Biology 2:185–193
Saccheri I, Kuussaari M, Kankare M, Vikman P, Fortelius W, Hanski I (1998) Inbreeding
and extinction in a butterfly metapopulation. Nature 392:491– 494
Schierup MH (1998) The effect of enzyme heterozygosity on growth in a strictly outcrossing species, the self-incompatible Arabis petraea (Brassicaceae). Hereditas 128:21–
31
Tanaka Y (1997) Extinction of populations due to inbreeding depression with demographic
disturbances. Researches on Population Ecology 39:57–66
Tanaka Y (1998) Theoretical aspects of extinction by inbreeding depression. Researches on
Population Ecology 40:279–286
Tanaka Y (2000) Extinction of populations by inbreeding depression under stochastic
environments. Population Ecology (formerly Researches on Population Ecology) 42:(in
press)
van Noordwijk AJ (1994) The interaction of inbreeding depression and environmental
stochasticity in the risk of extinction of small populations. In: Loeschcke V, Tomiuk J,
Jain SK (eds) Conservation genetics. Birkhauser, Basel, Switzerland, pp 131–146
289
David P, Delay B, Jarne P (1997) Heterozygosity and growth in the marine bivalve Spisula
ovalis: testing alternative hypotheses. Genetical Research 70:215–223
Eeken JCJ, De Jong AWM, Green MM (1987) The spontaneous mutation rate in
Drosophila simulans. Mutation Research 192:259–262
Falconer DS (1989) Introduction to quantitative genetics, 3rd ed. Longman Scientific and
Technical, New York
Frankel OH, Soul´ e ME (1981) Conservation and evolution. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
Gilpin ME, and Soul´ e ME (1986) Minimum viable populations: the processes of species
extinction. In: Soul´ e ME (ed) Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity.
Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, pp 13–34
Iwasa Y (1998) Ecological risk assessment by the use of the probability of species extinction. In: Nakanishi J (org) Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Risk
Evaluation and Management of Chemicals. Yokohama National University, Yokohama,
Japan, pp 42– 49
Loeschcke V, Tomiuk J, Jain SK (1994) Conservation genetics. Birkhauser, Basel,
Switzerland
Mitton JB (1993) Theory and data pertinent to the relationship between heterozygosity and
fitness. In: Thornhill NW (ed) The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding. The
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp 17– 41
Mitton JB, Grant MC (1984) Associations among protein heterozygosity, growth rate, and
developmental homeostasis. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15:479– 499
Nei M (1987) Molecular evolutionary genetics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
UK
O’Brien SJ, Wildt DE, Goldman D, Merril DR, Bush M (1983) The Cheetah is depauperate
in genetic variation. Science 211:459– 462
O’Brien SJ, Wildt DE, Bush M, Caro TM, Fitzgibbon C, Aggundey I, Leakey RE (1987)
East African Cheetahs: evidence for two population bottlenecks? Proceedings of National Academy and Sciences of the USA 84:508–511
Ouborg NJ, Treuren RV (1994) The significance of genetic erosion in the process of
extinction. IV. Inbreeding load and heterosis in relation to population size in the mint
Salvia pratensis. Evolution 48:996–1008
Ralls K, Ballou J, Templeton A (1988) Estimates of lethal equivalents and the cost of
inbreeding in mammals. Conservation Biology 2:185–193
Saccheri I, Kuussaari M, Kankare M, Vikman P, Fortelius W, Hanski I (1998) Inbreeding
and extinction in a butterfly metapopulation. Nature 392:491– 494
Schierup MH (1998) The effect of enzyme heterozygosity on growth in a strictly outcrossing species, the self-incompatible Arabis petraea (Brassicaceae). Hereditas 128:21–
31
Tanaka Y (1997) Extinction of populations due to inbreeding depression with demographic
disturbances. Researches on Population Ecology 39:57–66
Tanaka Y (1998) Theoretical aspects of extinction by inbreeding depression. Researches on
Population Ecology 40:279–286
Tanaka Y (2000) Extinction of populations by inbreeding depression under stochastic
environments. Population Ecology (formerly Researches on Population Ecology) 42:(in
press)
van Noordwijk AJ (1994) The interaction of inbreeding depression and environmental
stochasticity in the risk of extinction of small populations. In: Loeschcke V, Tomiuk J,
Jain SK (eds) Conservation genetics. Birkhauser, Basel, Switzerland, pp 131–146