76
H.U. Riisgard and P. Kamermans
Table 4.1. Volumes of water filtered (F, I) per ml 02 consumed (R) for various
suspension-feeding invertebrates (adapted from Riisgard and Larsen 2000), and for
comparison supplemented with two deposit feeders, the lugworm Arenicola marina and
the clam Macoma balthica
Taxanomic groups and species
Polychaetes
Sabella penicillus
Chaetopterus variopedatus
Nereis diversicolor
Arenicola marina
Bivalves
Mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis
Macoma balthica
Ascidians
Ciona intestinalis
Ciona intestinalis
Copepods
Acartia tonsa
Sponges
Halichondria panicea
Mycale sp.
Verongia gigantea
Verongia fistularis
Tethya crypta
Bryozoans
Celleporella hyalina
Lancelets
Brachiostoma lanceolatum
FIR (l ml- 1 02)
354
50
40
0.4
15-50
18
0.4-1.6 a
82
l3
37
2.7
19.6
4.1
9.7
22.8
68
79
Reference
Riisgard and Ivarsson (1990)
Riisgard (1989)
Riisgard (1991)
Riisgard et al. (1996a)
Riisgard et al. (1980)
Clausen and Riisgard (1996)
De Wilde (1975), Hummel
(1985b), Kamermans (1994a)
Petersen et al. (1995)
J0rgensen (1955)
Ki0rboe et al. (1985)
Thomassen and Riisgard (1995)
Reiswig (1974)
Reiswig (1974)
Reiswig (1974)
Reiswig (1974)
Riisgard and Manriquez (1997)
Riisgard and Svane (1999)
a Filtration rate (F) of Macoma balthica is 5 ml h- 1 for an 8 mg body dry wt. individual
(Kamermans 1994a and pers. comm.), or 6-23ml h- 1 for a 38mg body dry wt.
individual (Hummel 1985b). Respiration (R) is 0.014ml 02 h-l for an approx. 25 mg dry
wt M. balthica (De Wilde 1975). FIR=0.4-1.6 I water filtered per ml O 2 consumed
may take place (Fig. 4.1 b). When currents are moderately strong, the palps are
often erected to capture suspended particles (i. e. 'passive suspension feeding,), but in slowly moving waters surface deposit feeding with the aid of the
palps takes place (Fauchald and Jumars 1979). Miller et al. (1992) reported
that S. oculatus is a deposit feeder in still water and a facultative, palp-coiling
suspension feeder in oscillatory flows, the percentage of time spent on suspension feeding increasing with flow.
H.U. Riisgard and P. Kamermans
Table 4.1. Volumes of water filtered (F, I) per ml 02 consumed (R) for various
suspension-feeding invertebrates (adapted from Riisgard and Larsen 2000), and for
comparison supplemented with two deposit feeders, the lugworm Arenicola marina and
the clam Macoma balthica
Taxanomic groups and species
Polychaetes
Sabella penicillus
Chaetopterus variopedatus
Nereis diversicolor
Arenicola marina
Bivalves
Mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis
Macoma balthica
Ascidians
Ciona intestinalis
Ciona intestinalis
Copepods
Acartia tonsa
Sponges
Halichondria panicea
Mycale sp.
Verongia gigantea
Verongia fistularis
Tethya crypta
Bryozoans
Celleporella hyalina
Lancelets
Brachiostoma lanceolatum
FIR (l ml- 1 02)
354
50
40
0.4
15-50
18
0.4-1.6 a
82
l3
37
2.7
19.6
4.1
9.7
22.8
68
79
Reference
Riisgard and Ivarsson (1990)
Riisgard (1989)
Riisgard (1991)
Riisgard et al. (1996a)
Riisgard et al. (1980)
Clausen and Riisgard (1996)
De Wilde (1975), Hummel
(1985b), Kamermans (1994a)
Petersen et al. (1995)
J0rgensen (1955)
Ki0rboe et al. (1985)
Thomassen and Riisgard (1995)
Reiswig (1974)
Reiswig (1974)
Reiswig (1974)
Reiswig (1974)
Riisgard and Manriquez (1997)
Riisgard and Svane (1999)
a Filtration rate (F) of Macoma balthica is 5 ml h- 1 for an 8 mg body dry wt. individual
(Kamermans 1994a and pers. comm.), or 6-23ml h- 1 for a 38mg body dry wt.
individual (Hummel 1985b). Respiration (R) is 0.014ml 02 h-l for an approx. 25 mg dry
wt M. balthica (De Wilde 1975). FIR=0.4-1.6 I water filtered per ml O 2 consumed
may take place (Fig. 4.1 b). When currents are moderately strong, the palps are
often erected to capture suspended particles (i. e. 'passive suspension feeding,), but in slowly moving waters surface deposit feeding with the aid of the
palps takes place (Fauchald and Jumars 1979). Miller et al. (1992) reported
that S. oculatus is a deposit feeder in still water and a facultative, palp-coiling
suspension feeder in oscillatory flows, the percentage of time spent on suspension feeding increasing with flow.