The Leaf Canopy of Seagrass Beds: Faunal Community in a Salinity Gradient
233
Heck KL Jr, Pennock JR, Valentine JF, Coen LD, Sklenar SA (2000). Effects of nutrient
enrichment and large predator removal on seagrass nursery habitats: an experimental assessment. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1041-1057
Hellblom F, Bjork M (1999) Photosynthetic responses in Zostera marina to decreasing
salinity, inorganic carbon content and osmolarity. Aquat Bot 65:97-104
Isaksson I, Pihl L (1992) Structual changes in benthic macrovegetation and associated
epibenthic faunal communities. N eth J Sea Res 30: 131-140
Jacobs (1982) The annual pattern of the diatoms in the epiphyton of eelgrass (Zostera
marina L.) at Roscoff, France. Aquat Bot 8:355-370
Jansson B-O (1978) The Baltic - a system analysis of a semi-enclosed sea. In: Charnock
H, Deacon G (eds) Advances in oceanography. Plenum Press, New York, pp 131-183
Jernakoff P, Brearley A, Nielsen J (1996) Factors affecting grazer-epiphyte interactions in
temperate seagrass meadows. Oceanogr Mar Bioi Ann Rev 34:109-162
Kautsky H, Van der Maarel E (1990) Multivariate approaches to the variation in phytobenthic communities and environmental vectors in the Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
60:169-184
Kruk-Dowgiallo L (1991) Long-term changes in the structure of underwater meadows of
the Puck Lagoon. Acta Ichtyol Piscator 22:77-84
Lapointe BE, Tomasko DA, Matzie WR (1994) Eutrophication and trophic state classification of seagrass communities in the Florida Keys. Bull Mar Sci 54(3):696-717
Lappalainen A, Hallfors G, Kangas P (1977) Littoral benthos of the northern Baltic Sea.
IV. Pattern and dynamics of macrobenthos in a sandy-bottom Zostera marina community in Tvarminne. Int Rev Ges HydrobioI62:465-503
Leppakoski E, Bonsdorff E (1989) Ecosytem variability and gradients. Examples from
the Baltic Sea as a background for hazard assessment. In: Landner L (ed) Chemicals
in the aquatic environment - advanced hazard assessment. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 6-58
Leppakoski E, Helminen H, Hanninen J, Tallqvist M (1999) Aquatic biodiversity under
anthropogenic stress: an insight from the Archipelago Sea (SW Finland). Biodiv
Conserv 8:55-70
Lotze H (1998) Population dynamics and species interactions in macro algal blooms:
abiotic versus biotic control at different life-cycle stages. Berichte aus dem Inst fur
Meereskunde, PhD Thesis. Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, Kiel, 134 pp
Luther H (1951) Verbreitung und Okologie der hoheren Wasserpflanzen im Brackwasser der Ekenas-Gegend in Sudfinnland. I. Allgemeiner Teil. Acta Bot Fenn 49:
1-231
Mathiesen I, Nielsen J (1956) Botaniske unders0gelser i Randers fjord og Grund Fjord
(Botanical investigations in the fjords of Randers and Grund). Bot Tidskr 53:1-34
(English summary)
Mattila J (1995) Does habitat complexity give refuge against fish predation? Some evidence from two field experiments. In: Eleftheriou A, Ansell AD, Smith CJ (eds)
Biology and ecology of shallow coastal waters. Proc 28th Eur Mar Bioi Symp. Olsen
and Olsen, Fredensborg, pp 261-268
Mattila J, Chaplin G, Eilers MR, Heck KL Jr, O'Neal JP, Valentine JF (1999) Spatial and
diurnal distribution of invertebrate and fish fauna of a Zostera marina bed and
nearby unvegetated sediments in Damariscotta River, Maine (USA). J Sea Res 41:
321-332
Moller P (1986) Physical factors and biological interactions regulating infauna in
shallow boreal areas. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 30:33-47
Moller P, Pihl L, Rosenberg R (1985) Benthic faunal energy flow and biological interaction in some shallow marine soft bottom habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 27:109-121
233
Heck KL Jr, Pennock JR, Valentine JF, Coen LD, Sklenar SA (2000). Effects of nutrient
enrichment and large predator removal on seagrass nursery habitats: an experimental assessment. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1041-1057
Hellblom F, Bjork M (1999) Photosynthetic responses in Zostera marina to decreasing
salinity, inorganic carbon content and osmolarity. Aquat Bot 65:97-104
Isaksson I, Pihl L (1992) Structual changes in benthic macrovegetation and associated
epibenthic faunal communities. N eth J Sea Res 30: 131-140
Jacobs (1982) The annual pattern of the diatoms in the epiphyton of eelgrass (Zostera
marina L.) at Roscoff, France. Aquat Bot 8:355-370
Jansson B-O (1978) The Baltic - a system analysis of a semi-enclosed sea. In: Charnock
H, Deacon G (eds) Advances in oceanography. Plenum Press, New York, pp 131-183
Jernakoff P, Brearley A, Nielsen J (1996) Factors affecting grazer-epiphyte interactions in
temperate seagrass meadows. Oceanogr Mar Bioi Ann Rev 34:109-162
Kautsky H, Van der Maarel E (1990) Multivariate approaches to the variation in phytobenthic communities and environmental vectors in the Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
60:169-184
Kruk-Dowgiallo L (1991) Long-term changes in the structure of underwater meadows of
the Puck Lagoon. Acta Ichtyol Piscator 22:77-84
Lapointe BE, Tomasko DA, Matzie WR (1994) Eutrophication and trophic state classification of seagrass communities in the Florida Keys. Bull Mar Sci 54(3):696-717
Lappalainen A, Hallfors G, Kangas P (1977) Littoral benthos of the northern Baltic Sea.
IV. Pattern and dynamics of macrobenthos in a sandy-bottom Zostera marina community in Tvarminne. Int Rev Ges HydrobioI62:465-503
Leppakoski E, Bonsdorff E (1989) Ecosytem variability and gradients. Examples from
the Baltic Sea as a background for hazard assessment. In: Landner L (ed) Chemicals
in the aquatic environment - advanced hazard assessment. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 6-58
Leppakoski E, Helminen H, Hanninen J, Tallqvist M (1999) Aquatic biodiversity under
anthropogenic stress: an insight from the Archipelago Sea (SW Finland). Biodiv
Conserv 8:55-70
Lotze H (1998) Population dynamics and species interactions in macro algal blooms:
abiotic versus biotic control at different life-cycle stages. Berichte aus dem Inst fur
Meereskunde, PhD Thesis. Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, Kiel, 134 pp
Luther H (1951) Verbreitung und Okologie der hoheren Wasserpflanzen im Brackwasser der Ekenas-Gegend in Sudfinnland. I. Allgemeiner Teil. Acta Bot Fenn 49:
1-231
Mathiesen I, Nielsen J (1956) Botaniske unders0gelser i Randers fjord og Grund Fjord
(Botanical investigations in the fjords of Randers and Grund). Bot Tidskr 53:1-34
(English summary)
Mattila J (1995) Does habitat complexity give refuge against fish predation? Some evidence from two field experiments. In: Eleftheriou A, Ansell AD, Smith CJ (eds)
Biology and ecology of shallow coastal waters. Proc 28th Eur Mar Bioi Symp. Olsen
and Olsen, Fredensborg, pp 261-268
Mattila J, Chaplin G, Eilers MR, Heck KL Jr, O'Neal JP, Valentine JF (1999) Spatial and
diurnal distribution of invertebrate and fish fauna of a Zostera marina bed and
nearby unvegetated sediments in Damariscotta River, Maine (USA). J Sea Res 41:
321-332
Moller P (1986) Physical factors and biological interactions regulating infauna in
shallow boreal areas. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 30:33-47
Moller P, Pihl L, Rosenberg R (1985) Benthic faunal energy flow and biological interaction in some shallow marine soft bottom habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 27:109-121