312
K. Leyrer· C. Strohmenger . K. Rockenbauch . T. Bechstaedt
they are not driven by "sudden" tectonic movements, and only the normal background subsidence has to be taken into account when estimating their real amplitude for simulation.
The Zechstein 2 Carbonate is characterized by five main facies: platform, upper slope, middle slope, lower slope and basin (Fig. 4, 7). In addition, these facies
have been divided into 26 subfacies considering water-energy-related parameters like component and bedding types (Mausfeld (1987), Mausfeld and Zankl
(1987), Huttel (1989), Mausfeld and Huttel (1991), Below (1992), Strohmenger et
al. (1993a, b, 1996a, b), Strohmenger and Strauss (1996). Due to their sensitivity
to environmental changes, Ca2 platform carbonates include 14 different subfacies, which belong to supratidal, intertidal and shallow subtidal paleogeographic positions (Strohmenger et al.1996a; Strohmenger and Strauss 1996).
The Ca2-slope, which extends from the platform-margin down to the toe-ofslope, can be subdivided into upper slope (one subfacies), middle slope (four
subfacies) and lower slope (five subfacies). In a basinward direction the toe-ofslope is followed by the basinal facies with two subfacies (Strohmenger et al.
1996a; Strohmenger and Strauss 1996).
Although the program PHIL 5.1 cannot simulate the 26 Ca2-subfacies types,
the algorithms used to calculate depositional facies successions apparently include the main factors controlling Ca2 sedimentation patterns. Mainly considering energy levels and inclination angles of the sedimentation area in its calculations, PHIL 5.1 assigns simulated carbonate sediments to seven depositional environments and can distinguish up to nine carbonate lithology types. A very good
match with Ca2 core information, particularly on the platform, can be reached
using a combination of lithology and depositional facies simulation results.
In slope sediments, the facies interpretation of the Ca2 core material is mainly
based on the observed bedding types, lamination patterns and turbidite occurrence. These facies patterns simply reflect the relative paleotopographic position
of sediments on the Ca2 slope. Although PHIL 5.1 cannot analyze and evaluate
bedding types within its simulation, the program's algorithms use the inclination
of the depositional surface, and, incorporating the principles of user-defined cellular automata (Marco Polo Software 1994), calculate the amount of accumulated
sediment. A sediment package which exceeds the stability conditions of the calculated cell will be removed and deposited in a cell positioned somewhat downward
at the slope. Therefore, PHIL 5.1 can recognize the conditions necessary for turbidite occurrence, and simulates their existence, frequency, and thickness. Consequently, even without the ability to simulate bedding types, a correlation of core
observations and simulation in Ca2 slope and basinal environments is possible by
analyzing turbidite occurrences with regard to the slope position of sediments.
3
Input Data
To obtain simulation results which adequately match the geological data, the
first source of input data should be the basic data set. Because this data set is incomplete, the missing input data have to be estimated.
K. Leyrer· C. Strohmenger . K. Rockenbauch . T. Bechstaedt
they are not driven by "sudden" tectonic movements, and only the normal background subsidence has to be taken into account when estimating their real amplitude for simulation.
The Zechstein 2 Carbonate is characterized by five main facies: platform, upper slope, middle slope, lower slope and basin (Fig. 4, 7). In addition, these facies
have been divided into 26 subfacies considering water-energy-related parameters like component and bedding types (Mausfeld (1987), Mausfeld and Zankl
(1987), Huttel (1989), Mausfeld and Huttel (1991), Below (1992), Strohmenger et
al. (1993a, b, 1996a, b), Strohmenger and Strauss (1996). Due to their sensitivity
to environmental changes, Ca2 platform carbonates include 14 different subfacies, which belong to supratidal, intertidal and shallow subtidal paleogeographic positions (Strohmenger et al.1996a; Strohmenger and Strauss 1996).
The Ca2-slope, which extends from the platform-margin down to the toe-ofslope, can be subdivided into upper slope (one subfacies), middle slope (four
subfacies) and lower slope (five subfacies). In a basinward direction the toe-ofslope is followed by the basinal facies with two subfacies (Strohmenger et al.
1996a; Strohmenger and Strauss 1996).
Although the program PHIL 5.1 cannot simulate the 26 Ca2-subfacies types,
the algorithms used to calculate depositional facies successions apparently include the main factors controlling Ca2 sedimentation patterns. Mainly considering energy levels and inclination angles of the sedimentation area in its calculations, PHIL 5.1 assigns simulated carbonate sediments to seven depositional environments and can distinguish up to nine carbonate lithology types. A very good
match with Ca2 core information, particularly on the platform, can be reached
using a combination of lithology and depositional facies simulation results.
In slope sediments, the facies interpretation of the Ca2 core material is mainly
based on the observed bedding types, lamination patterns and turbidite occurrence. These facies patterns simply reflect the relative paleotopographic position
of sediments on the Ca2 slope. Although PHIL 5.1 cannot analyze and evaluate
bedding types within its simulation, the program's algorithms use the inclination
of the depositional surface, and, incorporating the principles of user-defined cellular automata (Marco Polo Software 1994), calculate the amount of accumulated
sediment. A sediment package which exceeds the stability conditions of the calculated cell will be removed and deposited in a cell positioned somewhat downward
at the slope. Therefore, PHIL 5.1 can recognize the conditions necessary for turbidite occurrence, and simulates their existence, frequency, and thickness. Consequently, even without the ability to simulate bedding types, a correlation of core
observations and simulation in Ca2 slope and basinal environments is possible by
analyzing turbidite occurrences with regard to the slope position of sediments.
3
Input Data
To obtain simulation results which adequately match the geological data, the
first source of input data should be the basic data set. Because this data set is incomplete, the missing input data have to be estimated.