2.5 Lake Sediments
79
~(mg/l)
CaC0 3 SATURATION
LITTORAL
d
UN DER OVER
EPILIMNION
C CARBONATE FACIES
(PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
CARBONATE PRECIPITATION
~ / 'l' ~ METALIMNION
////
HYPOLIMNION
DECOMPOS ITION
CARBONATE
DISSOLUTION
OF ORG. MATTER
HIGH TERRIGENOUS
VARIATIONS
DUE TO:
e
1\ !
..LI \ (
\..L.
..J...\
/
HIGH
I J..
..J... , \
TERRIG.
~ ~
OXIC
BOTTOM
WATER
INPUT
..J... <
\---- f-~I\t
LOW ~
> \
- - - - - - -+==,..,.S-":~::!' : r-'
SUB ·OXIC
ANOXIC
-I-S~
=I~
1-=-,::.
FINE ·GRAINED
SLOPE SED
MARL
BIOTURBATED
= SOME ORG.C
L1ME MUD,
BIOTURBATED,
LOW IN ORG. C
MUD, =CALC ..
SO ME BIOTURB.
MEDIUM·RICH IN
ORG . C (GYTTJA)
b2
"PROXIMAL
SANDY ·SILTY
TURBIDITES
SOME
BIOTUR·
BATION
---:-:1
DISTAL ___
I~
b
FLUVIAL
TOPSETS
PRODELTA
FORESETS
SUBAQUEOUS
CHANNEL AND
LEVEE
BOTTOM SETS
(PROXIMAL
TURB IDI TES)
- - : . '
..;:~,:.. :- . Po
•
FLUVIAL
TOPSETS
SLUMPS
PROXIMAL
BOTTOMSETS
1em
FINE·
--~
---...
I "" TURBIOITES
.... /(VARVE·TYPE)
. "
GRAINED __ -
DISTAL
BOTTOMSETS
Fig. 2.29. a Scheme of open lake system with high
terrigenous input into mam basin and low input in
adjacent hard-water lake. b Coarsening-upward sequence of detrital clastics-dominated basin fill with
(bi) proximal and (b2) distal (varve-like) turbidites.
c Littoral carbonate facies. d Some characteristics of
the epi- and hypolimnion of hard-water lakes allowing calcite precipitation in summer time (based on
Dean 1981). e Variations in profundal (bottom) sediments of hard-water lake due to changing terrigenous
input and oxygenation of bottom water. Note the occurrence of annual varves
79
~(mg/l)
CaC0 3 SATURATION
LITTORAL
d
UN DER OVER
EPILIMNION
C CARBONATE FACIES
(PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
CARBONATE PRECIPITATION
~ / 'l' ~ METALIMNION
////
HYPOLIMNION
DECOMPOS ITION
CARBONATE
DISSOLUTION
OF ORG. MATTER
HIGH TERRIGENOUS
VARIATIONS
DUE TO:
e
1\ !
..LI \ (
\..L.
..J...\
/
HIGH
I J..
..J... , \
TERRIG.
~ ~
OXIC
BOTTOM
WATER
INPUT
..J... <
\---- f-~I\t
LOW ~
> \
- - - - - - -+==,..,.S-":~::!' : r-'
SUB ·OXIC
ANOXIC
-I-S~
=I~
1-=-,::.
FINE ·GRAINED
SLOPE SED
MARL
BIOTURBATED
= SOME ORG.C
L1ME MUD,
BIOTURBATED,
LOW IN ORG. C
MUD, =CALC ..
SO ME BIOTURB.
MEDIUM·RICH IN
ORG . C (GYTTJA)
b2
"PROXIMAL
SANDY ·SILTY
TURBIDITES
SOME
BIOTUR·
BATION
---:-:1
DISTAL ___
I~
b
FLUVIAL
TOPSETS
PRODELTA
FORESETS
SUBAQUEOUS
CHANNEL AND
LEVEE
BOTTOM SETS
(PROXIMAL
TURB IDI TES)
- - : . '
..;:~,:.. :- . Po
•
FLUVIAL
TOPSETS
SLUMPS
PROXIMAL
BOTTOMSETS
1em
FINE·
--~
---...
I "" TURBIOITES
.... /(VARVE·TYPE)
. "
GRAINED __ -
DISTAL
BOTTOMSETS
Fig. 2.29. a Scheme of open lake system with high
terrigenous input into mam basin and low input in
adjacent hard-water lake. b Coarsening-upward sequence of detrital clastics-dominated basin fill with
(bi) proximal and (b2) distal (varve-like) turbidites.
c Littoral carbonate facies. d Some characteristics of
the epi- and hypolimnion of hard-water lakes allowing calcite precipitation in summer time (based on
Dean 1981). e Variations in profundal (bottom) sediments of hard-water lake due to changing terrigenous
input and oxygenation of bottom water. Note the occurrence of annual varves