614
Chapter 12 Basin Evolution and Sediments
FACIES CHANGE IN N. ALPINE
FORELAND BASIN, MIOCENE
LA TERALl Y, WITHIN
UPPER MARINE MOLASSE
{200 m ,
LOWER FRESHW. MOLASSE
20 km .
N. ALPINE FORELAND BASIN
C PROGRADING UNITS OF
b CROSS-SECTlON, W. SWITZERLAND
BRACKISH SANDS / SHALLOW
AND MARlS
MARINE SÄNDS
± GYPSUM
FLUVIAL
LOWER FRESHW. MOLASSE
ISWI1ZERLANO, WHEELER DIAGRAMI
\
LACUSTRINE
FLUVIAL
PROXIMAL
L AUSANNE WITH COAL
1 I ca. 10km ,
FLUVIAL WITH
RED BEDS
MARINE AND
BRACKISH SANDS
AND SHALES
ökm
MESOZOIC
e LONGITUDINAL SECTION , GERMANY
d
BRACKISH WITH COAL
TWO MEGACYCLES, SWITZERLAND
Ma B.P.
r - - - - - - - - I r - - - + - - - - - - , q r - - - - - - ,
15
i
-!§~&' - ,
UPPER MARINE MOLASSE
20
1.3 GLAUC SANDS, SHELL BED III=:::::~~~~~~.
I:'-.;-:-y.,.:,~~-~TRANSGRESSION
25
ILOWER FRESHWATER MOLAS
SANDY AND CONGLO·
tiSfii~ ~3.4 MERATIC ALLUV . FANS
~~:;"' -~LOWER MARINE MOLASSE
30 -i:i:= :!=:>
I
MARINE AND
t=::iiL:i jDS I1.5 BRACKISH SHALES
Ikm
I
SANDY
W
TURBIDITES
35
Fig. 12.35. a,b Temporal and lateral facies changes
in north Alpine foreland (molasse) basin, Switzerland and Germany. (After Homewood et al. 1986;
Zweigel 1998). c Prograding facies assoeiations of
Lower Freshwater molasse, separated by stratigraphie gaps, Switzerland. (After Schlunegger et al.
1997a, simplified). d Simplified stratigraphie seetion
of Swiss molasse showing two major shallowing50 km
upward eyc1es, each of them represented by marine
and freshwater molasse. (After Matter et al. 1980).
e Longitudinal section of foreland molasse in Bavaria, Germany, exhibiting transition from permanently marine conditions in the east to partial brackish and continental environments in the west. (After
Bögli and Müller 1976)