11 The Interplay Between Sediment Supply,
Subsidence, and Basin Fill
11.1 Introduction
Principal Factors Controlling Basin Filling
General Remarks to Basin-Filling Models
The Elementary Approach in This Book
11.2 Denudation-Sediment Accumulation (DA)
482
Systems
11.2.1 General Concept
11.2.2 Simple Steady-State Models,
Clastic Sediments
Over-Supplied Basins
Basins with Moderate to Low
Sediment Supply
Influence of Several Sediment Sources
Transition to Dynamic Models
(Change in Relief)
11.2.3 Modem Examples of Steady-State DA
Systems
Open Lake Systems
Adjacent Semi-Closed Basins:
The Black Sea
Modem Closed Lakes and Larger Basins
The Great Salt Lake and Lake Bonneville
The Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, and Chad Basin
11.3 Dynamic Denudation-Accumulation (DA) Systems
11.3.1 Rebound by Unloading and Sediment
494
Load-Driven Subsidence
11.3.2 Variations in Subsidence and
Sediment Supply
Two East African Lakes: A Comparison
11.3.3 Extensional Basin Models
Rift Basins with Constant Sediment Supply
Rift Basins with Varying Sediment Supply
Rift-Drift Transition and Growing
Ocean Basins
11.3.4 Closing Basin Model
11.3.5 Foreland Basin Models
11.3.6 Pull-Apart Basins
(Dead Sea and Gulf of Califomia)
11.3.7 Summary (DA Basin Models)
11.4 Chemical Sediments (Evaporites) in Basin Filling
11.4.1 General Aspects
512
11.4.2 Mass Balances of Closed Lake Systems
(One Rock Type)
11.4.3 Evolution ofClosed Lake Basins
(Mixed Rock Types)
11.4.4 Summary (Evaporites in Basin Filling)
11.5 Distribution of Clastic Sediments in
Water-Filled Basins
11.5.1 Introduction
11.5.2 Transfer ofRiver Sediments to
Marine Deltas
Out- and Upbuilding of Sediment
from a Point Source
Delta Prograding into Low- to
Medium-Energy Marine Basins
Deltaic Sediments in High-Energy
Marine Basins
11.5.3 Sediment Accumulatioh in
Barrier-Lagoon Systems
11.5.4 Transfer ofRiver Sediments to
Deep-Sea Fans
11.5.5 Mud Deposition on Continental Shelves
11.5.6 Sediment Distribution in a Basin Chain
11.5.7 Long-Term Sediment Distribution
Along Passive Continental Margins
Gulf of Mexico: Coast and
Shelf Progradation
Northwestem AtIantic: Shelf-Slope-Deep
Sea Deposition
11.5.8 Global Marine Sediment Distribution
11.5.9 Summary (Sediment Distribution)
11.6 Consequences for Stratigraphie Sequences and
517
Facies Associations (Overview)
533
11.6.1 Vertical Facies Evolution: Three Principal
TYpes
11.6.2 Vertical and Lateral Facies Associations
(Overview)
11.7 Preservation and Recycling ofOlder Sediments 536
11.7.1 The Survival Rate of Sediment
11. 7.2 Recycling of Sediment
11.7.3 Sediment Loss along Subduction Zones
11.7.4 Summary (Global Sediment Recycling)
11.1 Introduction
Principal Factors Controlling Basin Filling
The filling of sedimentary basins and the architecture
and facies associations of their sediments are generally controlled by the interaction between several
Subsidence, and Basin Fill
11.1 Introduction
Principal Factors Controlling Basin Filling
General Remarks to Basin-Filling Models
The Elementary Approach in This Book
11.2 Denudation-Sediment Accumulation (DA)
482
Systems
11.2.1 General Concept
11.2.2 Simple Steady-State Models,
Clastic Sediments
Over-Supplied Basins
Basins with Moderate to Low
Sediment Supply
Influence of Several Sediment Sources
Transition to Dynamic Models
(Change in Relief)
11.2.3 Modem Examples of Steady-State DA
Systems
Open Lake Systems
Adjacent Semi-Closed Basins:
The Black Sea
Modem Closed Lakes and Larger Basins
The Great Salt Lake and Lake Bonneville
The Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, and Chad Basin
11.3 Dynamic Denudation-Accumulation (DA) Systems
11.3.1 Rebound by Unloading and Sediment
494
Load-Driven Subsidence
11.3.2 Variations in Subsidence and
Sediment Supply
Two East African Lakes: A Comparison
11.3.3 Extensional Basin Models
Rift Basins with Constant Sediment Supply
Rift Basins with Varying Sediment Supply
Rift-Drift Transition and Growing
Ocean Basins
11.3.4 Closing Basin Model
11.3.5 Foreland Basin Models
11.3.6 Pull-Apart Basins
(Dead Sea and Gulf of Califomia)
11.3.7 Summary (DA Basin Models)
11.4 Chemical Sediments (Evaporites) in Basin Filling
11.4.1 General Aspects
512
11.4.2 Mass Balances of Closed Lake Systems
(One Rock Type)
11.4.3 Evolution ofClosed Lake Basins
(Mixed Rock Types)
11.4.4 Summary (Evaporites in Basin Filling)
11.5 Distribution of Clastic Sediments in
Water-Filled Basins
11.5.1 Introduction
11.5.2 Transfer ofRiver Sediments to
Marine Deltas
Out- and Upbuilding of Sediment
from a Point Source
Delta Prograding into Low- to
Medium-Energy Marine Basins
Deltaic Sediments in High-Energy
Marine Basins
11.5.3 Sediment Accumulatioh in
Barrier-Lagoon Systems
11.5.4 Transfer ofRiver Sediments to
Deep-Sea Fans
11.5.5 Mud Deposition on Continental Shelves
11.5.6 Sediment Distribution in a Basin Chain
11.5.7 Long-Term Sediment Distribution
Along Passive Continental Margins
Gulf of Mexico: Coast and
Shelf Progradation
Northwestem AtIantic: Shelf-Slope-Deep
Sea Deposition
11.5.8 Global Marine Sediment Distribution
11.5.9 Summary (Sediment Distribution)
11.6 Consequences for Stratigraphie Sequences and
517
Facies Associations (Overview)
533
11.6.1 Vertical Facies Evolution: Three Principal
TYpes
11.6.2 Vertical and Lateral Facies Associations
(Overview)
11.7 Preservation and Recycling ofOlder Sediments 536
11.7.1 The Survival Rate of Sediment
11. 7.2 Recycling of Sediment
11.7.3 Sediment Loss along Subduction Zones
11.7.4 Summary (Global Sediment Recycling)
11.1 Introduction
Principal Factors Controlling Basin Filling
The filling of sedimentary basins and the architecture
and facies associations of their sediments are generally controlled by the interaction between several