438
Chapter 9 Denudation and Mass Transport
Specific sediment yield SV (tlkm 2 /a)
Mechanical denudation rate
(mm/a)
....
... B
-A
.. ... ....
............
E -
....
....
...... C....
. ... ........
......
....
....
.... ........
... ....
............ ... ....
a
10000
1000
- - - -
100
- -
........
- - - -
10
Drainage area (km 2 )
0.1
10
100
1000
X 10 3
500
.Sparse .
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I
Ä vegetatIon .ß:,;;;:;:;:~· rt·· ·
':~f\/ c
5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
o
500
1000
1500
Mean annual precipitation
(mm/al
A High mountains (> 3000 m), mostly subtropical to tropical (e.g. Himalayan rivers,
Taiwan, New Guinea, equatorial S.America, Yangtze R, Colorado and Miss. R)
B Mountains (1000-3000 m) of S. Asia and Oceania, mostly subtropical to tropical
(e.g. India, China, Thailand, Philippines, New Zealand)
C Mountains (1000-3000 m) of N/S America, Africa, Alpine Europe, mostly humidtemperate
D Mountains (1000-3000 m) of non-Alpine Europe and High Arctic, temperate to
subpolar climate
E Uplands (500-1000 m) mostly humid-temperate, partly subtropical
F Lowlands (100-500 m), mostly humid-temperate
G Coastal plains( < 100 m), humid-temperate (e.g. UK, USA, Finland)
Specific sedimeht yield SV (t/km 2 /a
100
Tropical to subtropical
b
: ... -.....
I .
~ -- ... .......... -- -.-. __ • Vellow and Yangtze rivers
.
,._-. ... -.~
General trends with increasing
- Relief
- Runoff
- Sparse vegetation
- Proportion of weak rocks and sandy soils
- Land use
' - - - - - - + Increasing drainage area
. -·'·_---·-·l
I
I
I
I
I
.,
Arid to
semi-arid
Drainage area (km 2 )
104-~---~~r---~-.-~---_-----r+
0.1
5
10
100
1000 x 10 3