226
Chapter 5 Oceanic Sediments
FACIES ASSOCIATION OF DEEP-SEA FAN
ATTACHED FAN,
CHANNEUZED
CHANNEL MOUTH BAR
SAND AND GRAVEL, sI and ig (NORMAL
TRACTION AND TRACTION CARPET)
BASIN PLAIN
DETACHED LOBES,
DEBRIS FLOW
LEVEE
TERRACE
ACTIVE FAN VALLEY
NON-CHANNELIZED
:::;IIIIII~iiillll_
I
:?,z(~;:" PE-- ~X~~~~~I~T~I,N!ND
:-~ ' .
MUDS, THIN_
~
BEDDED, GRADED -
SUSPENSION SEDIMENTATION
~
-
TScb-1m (T c.d) AND
TRACTION SEDIMENTATION
1-10
TM (LOW-DENSITY T. C.)
(PARTIALLY INVERSED GRADING)
cm ,~
CREVASSE SPLAY
=COMPLETE ·CLASSlCALo
SANDY TURBlDtTES
TSgr.lm (Ta.d,e)
HEMIPELAGIC MUD AND
MUD TURBIDITES TMlm,gm (E1-3)
Fig. 5.18. Model of the facies association of a deepsea fan. (Based on several sourees, e.g., Mutti and
Ricci Lucchi 1978, Walker 1978, Shanmugam and
Moiola 1985). Note the difference between chanchannel systems, and slope aprons see, e.g., Clark and
Pickering (1996), Galloway (1998).
Generally, facies models of deep-sea fans have to be applied
HEMIPELAGIC MUDS AND MUD
TURBIDITES
TS AND TM
FROM LOW·
DENSITY
TURBIDITY
CURRENTS
gr
ig
OVER BANK
THIN-BEDDED
TURBIDITE
SANDS AN[) MUDS
EROSION SUAFACE
(AMALGAMATION)
(TRACTION CARPET FROM HIGH·
DENSITY TURBIDITY CURRENTS)
nelized, attached fan and detached, nonchannelized
fans which show a more regular turbidite sequence.
F or explanation of symbols see Fig. 5.14a
ing turbidity currents, slope canyons and channel systems
on the fan, and the sediment distribution on the fan rnay
greatly vary in relation to basin topography and other factors (e.g. Normark and Piper 1991).