5.4 Gravity Mass Flow
a
MUD DIAPIRS AND
SHELF, DELTA PLATFORM
GROWTH FAULTS (CREEP )
(HIGH SEDIMENTATION RATE )
MUD FLOWS WITH OVER·
LAPPING TOE LOBES
DEEP-SEA
DELTA FAN
LARGE ACTIVE
AND BURIED
SAND·FILLED
CHANNEL
SYSTEMS,
MAINLY MUD
TURBIDITES,
SOME MUD
FLOWS
CANYON
DEEP-SEA FAN
SYSTEM
UPPER FAN: .SOME
SLUMPS. FLOWS OF
GRAINS, DEBRIS
AND MUD,
CHANNEL FILLS.
LOWER FAN: MAINLY
SAND TURBIDITES,
SOME CHANNEL FILLS
b
SLOPE APRON
SLUMPS, MUD FLOWS
PREDOMINANTLY
MUD TURBIDITES
SEDIMENT
ACCUMU·
LATION IN
CANYON
HEAD
TRANSITION
215
SHELF
BREAK
SOF T AND SEMI·
EROSION
CONSOLIDATED
SLOPE SEDIMENTS (STRONG
MAINLY SLUMPS • RELIEF )
AND MUD FLOWS
ROCKFALL ,
SLUMPS,ANQ Qf:BRIS
TO HIGH AND LOW·
DENSITY TURBIDITY
CURRENTS, SAND
AND MUD TURBIDITES
"\ FLOWS (POLYMICT),
UNDERCUTTING OF
SLOPE BY CONTOUR
CURRENTS
c
RAPID ACCUMULATION .
VOLCANIC ARC
CARBONATE PLATFORM
CARBONATE SHELF
EARLY INDURATION
OF VOLCANICLASTICS (SAND
AND SILT ), BEACH GRAVEL
TURBIDITES
(SAND AND
DEEP-SEA
TRENCH _
r<':
I
I
I
-
AND LlTHIFICATION
(ANDESITlC)
WITH REEFS, L AGOON,ETC.
SLUMP
FLOW
FOREARC BAS1N: ...... ~~tJ;L~
CHANNEL FILLS,
DEBRIS FLOWS ,
TURBIDITES (SAND
AND MUD),ASH FALLS
ACCRETIONARY
WEDGE (:!:OPHIOLITES)
(CALCAREOUS TURBIDITES
(SAND AND MUD)