5.3 Hemipelagic and Pelagic Sediments
199
ARAGONITE COMPENSATION
DEPTH (LYSOClINE )
HIGH FERTILITY
LOW TERRIGENOUS
CALCITE COMPENSATION
OEPTH (CCO)
MIO-OCEANIC
RIDGE
(SILICEOUS AND
_ -___
~
INPUT
CALCAREOUS
__ -- -
__ ~
--_~
PLANKTON)
__ . ..,-:
-1
-.-:~:: . ~ --, ,
,.---..
....
........... ",. ~
..,~
-- -:--::::: ... ----f ,.
- ....
-.~:'. :: ". ~ ~ -,"' . - '
-- -- ... ~. ..' ' " .-- .
, . '
-, , '
--'
,
. .....- .
SIL. SED., RED
(TM.-CA) IN
PONDED BASINS
\a
~!HER_ I
Sil. SED. (PE, TM, CT),
MOSTL \REO. -CA
SIL. SED. (PE),
-CA (BELOW
CCD), RED
AND GREEN
Sil. SED.
(PE. -CA ) AND
Sil. TM (+CA)
FROM PLATFORM ABOVE
CCD. BUT
BELOW
LYSOCLlNE
J
I
SIL. (+CA) AND
CALC. SED. (PE.
CT) AND CALC.
TM. TS ANO OB
FROM CARBONATE
SHELF, Sil. SED.
MOSTLY DARK
b
OEBRIS
FLOW (DB)
TIME
OLDER
ROCKS
(+CA)
I~E_D
CA
-CA
TM (+ CA)
LL"---rPE, TM. TS.
CT
.............. -+CA
r-:-.,..,......_ SHELF
CARB.
RISING CCD TENOS TO CAUSE REVERSE SEQUENCES !
SILICEOUS OOZE,
BANDED CHERT OR
RADIOLARITE
= RHY THMICALLY
BEDDED
I
Sil. AND CALC.
OOZE. CHALK
OR CALC. CHERT
AND RADIOLARITE
= BEDDED
Fig. 5.5. Siliceous sediments, e.g., radiolarites, in a
relatively narrow oceanic basin with regionally high
fertility, bordered by a wide, block-faulted continental margin (e.g., a former uniform carbonate platform). The different types of radiolarites originate
either from pelagic settling or siliceous mud
turbidites, or the radiolaria were sorted and transported by normal currents, with or without carbonate.
11
PELAGIC OOZE
OR LIMESTONE
_
Sil. CALC. OOZE
OR CHERTY
- PEl. LIMESTONE
PE, DEPOSITION FROM
PELAGIC SETTLING
TM, TURBIOITE MUD
(BIOCLASTICS)
TS, TURB1DITE SAND
(BIOCl. CARBONATE)
CT, NORMAL CURRENT
TRANSPORTED
+ CA, CARBONATE -
BEARING
, CA, CARBONATE-FREE
The siliceous sediments are further controlled by the
submarine topography and the elevation of the CCD
and lysocline. a-e Vertical changes in lithology due
to a lowering CCD. (A raising CCD from an mitial
low position causes reverse sequences.) (Based on
several sourees, e.g. Bemoulli and Lemoine 1980;
Hein and Obradovitch 1989; Vecsei et al. 1989;
Ruiz-Ortiz et al. 1989)
199
ARAGONITE COMPENSATION
DEPTH (LYSOClINE )
HIGH FERTILITY
LOW TERRIGENOUS
CALCITE COMPENSATION
OEPTH (CCO)
MIO-OCEANIC
RIDGE
(SILICEOUS AND
_ -___
~
INPUT
CALCAREOUS
__ -- -
__ ~
--_~
PLANKTON)
__ . ..,-:
-1
-.-:~:: . ~ --, ,
,.---..
....
........... ",. ~
..,~
-- -:--::::: ... ----f ,.
- ....
-.~:'. :: ". ~ ~ -,"' . - '
-- -- ... ~. ..' ' " .-- .
, . '
-, , '
--'
,
. .....- .
SIL. SED., RED
(TM.-CA) IN
PONDED BASINS
\a
~!HER_ I
Sil. SED. (PE, TM, CT),
MOSTL \REO. -CA
SIL. SED. (PE),
-CA (BELOW
CCD), RED
AND GREEN
Sil. SED.
(PE. -CA ) AND
Sil. TM (+CA)
FROM PLATFORM ABOVE
CCD. BUT
BELOW
LYSOCLlNE
J
I
SIL. (+CA) AND
CALC. SED. (PE.
CT) AND CALC.
TM. TS ANO OB
FROM CARBONATE
SHELF, Sil. SED.
MOSTLY DARK
b
OEBRIS
FLOW (DB)
TIME
OLDER
ROCKS
(+CA)
I~E_D
CA
-CA
TM (+ CA)
LL"---rPE, TM. TS.
CT
.............. -+CA
r-:-.,..,......_ SHELF
CARB.
RISING CCD TENOS TO CAUSE REVERSE SEQUENCES !
SILICEOUS OOZE,
BANDED CHERT OR
RADIOLARITE
= RHY THMICALLY
BEDDED
I
Sil. AND CALC.
OOZE. CHALK
OR CALC. CHERT
AND RADIOLARITE
= BEDDED
Fig. 5.5. Siliceous sediments, e.g., radiolarites, in a
relatively narrow oceanic basin with regionally high
fertility, bordered by a wide, block-faulted continental margin (e.g., a former uniform carbonate platform). The different types of radiolarites originate
either from pelagic settling or siliceous mud
turbidites, or the radiolaria were sorted and transported by normal currents, with or without carbonate.
11
PELAGIC OOZE
OR LIMESTONE
_
Sil. CALC. OOZE
OR CHERTY
- PEl. LIMESTONE
PE, DEPOSITION FROM
PELAGIC SETTLING
TM, TURBIOITE MUD
(BIOCLASTICS)
TS, TURB1DITE SAND
(BIOCl. CARBONATE)
CT, NORMAL CURRENT
TRANSPORTED
+ CA, CARBONATE -
BEARING
, CA, CARBONATE-FREE
The siliceous sediments are further controlled by the
submarine topography and the elevation of the CCD
and lysocline. a-e Vertical changes in lithology due
to a lowering CCD. (A raising CCD from an mitial
low position causes reverse sequences.) (Based on
several sourees, e.g. Bemoulli and Lemoine 1980;
Hein and Obradovitch 1989; Vecsei et al. 1989;
Ruiz-Ortiz et al. 1989)