5.3 Hemipelagic and Pelagic Sediments
191
SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN THE DEEP SEA
a
OEEP $E:A
TRENCH
AGGREGATES OF
FNE·GRANEO
CANVON
SLOPE GlllES
PLANKTON
PAOOUCTION,
SlOW PElAGIC
INCREASNG
PROPORTION
OF BIOGENe
COMP0/IEN1S:
HEMlPELAGIC
-PELAGIC SEO.
OEPOSlTIONAL ROGES
WITH MUD ANO S,6Hl WAVES
OEEP·SEA CHANNEL
(RICH I'l SKELETAL MATERIAL)
(I'l CEATAIN REGIONS)
CARBONATE
CARBONATE
CATCHNQ
LONGSHORE
SHELf MUD
SAN) TRANSPORT
DISSOLUTION
PRESERVATION
b
o ..---,.,L---_-+
4
CARBONATE
$UPPLY
o ~-------y-.
2
LY$OCLlNE
DEEP-SEA
CARBONATE
DISSOLUTION
FRESH WATER
WEooe OURNO
FLOOOS WITH
LATERAL
CURRENT
TRANSPORT
OF FLOC·
Cl.lI.ATEO
RlVER MUD
SEOtMENT WEOGE OF
CONTI'lENTAL AlSE
(SLOPE APRON, OEEP·SEA
FAN, CONTOUFIITES,
HEtvllPELAGlCS)
Fig. 5.3. a Principles of sediment
distribution by surface and bottom
currents in deep-sea environments, and the accumulation of
hemipelagic and pelagic sediments. b Supply, dissolution, and
preservation of carbonate as a
function of water depth and the
positions of the lysocline and calcite compensation depth CCD.
Note that lysocline and CCD may
rise or fall with time and from
basin to basin. See text for further
explanation.