142
UP TO
.-SEVERAL _-100 rr--m""" 1 -_
I
~~.-~~
MODERATE
PRODUCTIVITY
----~,--'
a
CARBONATE
BANKS (FLAT
LlTHOHERMS OR
Chapter 3 Coastal and Shallow Sea Sediments
MUD BANKS AND MOUNDS
(E . G., WITH SEA GRASS)
VERY LOW INPUT
OF SlliCICLASTICS
HIGH PRODUC·
TIVITY OF
BIOGENIC
CARBONATE
ECOLOGIC
REEF
(DIST INC T
TOPO·
GRAPHY .
WAVE
RESISTANT)
OF BIOGENIC CARBONATE .
PARTIALLY SESSIL FAUNA
AND / OR DIAGENETIC
STABILIZATION
DEEP PLATEAUS) ~"""'~
RIVER
MOUT H
b
LARGE BARRIER REEF
WITH DEEP LAGOON
~
-
.-'TENS OF km
_.FORE ·
SLOPE
(TALUS ANO
PELAGICS)
-
d
BIOSTROME
PINNACLE
REEF
Fig. 3.25. a Nomenc1ature and environmental position of different reefs and reef-like structures in modem seas and ancient rock sequences, demonstrated
on an idealized carbonate shelf. b Fringing reefs and
c, barrier reefs attached to mainland coasts or islands.
C Atoll, developed from previous fringing and barrier
reefs (b,c) on top of submerging volcanic island.
c
BARRIER REEF
ATOLL
LAGOON
SUBMERGED,
PARTIALLY FLATTENEO
VOLCANIC ISLAND
CARBONATE PLATFORM
e
ISLAND
SANDY OOLITE
SHOALS
REEF TALUS
LlME MUD
REEF
BUILDUP
AND PELAGICS AND PELLET MUD
d Large barrier reef with barrier platform and deep
lagoon, collecting mainly pelagic coccolith and
foraminiferal ooze (chalk) or marly muds. e Carbonate platform isolated from mainland and surrounded
by deep water. Note the different facies zones of
platform rim and shelf lagoon. (Based on James
1983; Sellwood 1986, and others)
UP TO
.-SEVERAL _-100 rr--m""" 1 -_
I
~~.-~~
MODERATE
PRODUCTIVITY
----~,--'
a
CARBONATE
BANKS (FLAT
LlTHOHERMS OR
Chapter 3 Coastal and Shallow Sea Sediments
MUD BANKS AND MOUNDS
(E . G., WITH SEA GRASS)
VERY LOW INPUT
OF SlliCICLASTICS
HIGH PRODUC·
TIVITY OF
BIOGENIC
CARBONATE
ECOLOGIC
REEF
(DIST INC T
TOPO·
GRAPHY .
WAVE
RESISTANT)
OF BIOGENIC CARBONATE .
PARTIALLY SESSIL FAUNA
AND / OR DIAGENETIC
STABILIZATION
DEEP PLATEAUS) ~"""'~
RIVER
MOUT H
b
LARGE BARRIER REEF
WITH DEEP LAGOON
~
-
.-'TENS OF km
_.FORE ·
SLOPE
(TALUS ANO
PELAGICS)
-
d
BIOSTROME
PINNACLE
REEF
Fig. 3.25. a Nomenc1ature and environmental position of different reefs and reef-like structures in modem seas and ancient rock sequences, demonstrated
on an idealized carbonate shelf. b Fringing reefs and
c, barrier reefs attached to mainland coasts or islands.
C Atoll, developed from previous fringing and barrier
reefs (b,c) on top of submerging volcanic island.
c
BARRIER REEF
ATOLL
LAGOON
SUBMERGED,
PARTIALLY FLATTENEO
VOLCANIC ISLAND
CARBONATE PLATFORM
e
ISLAND
SANDY OOLITE
SHOALS
REEF TALUS
LlME MUD
REEF
BUILDUP
AND PELAGICS AND PELLET MUD
d Large barrier reef with barrier platform and deep
lagoon, collecting mainly pelagic coccolith and
foraminiferal ooze (chalk) or marly muds. e Carbonate platform isolated from mainland and surrounded
by deep water. Note the different facies zones of
platform rim and shelf lagoon. (Based on James
1983; Sellwood 1986, and others)