208
SYLVIE POULIQUEN
¾ Autonomous instruments (moorings, drifters, profiling floats,
gliders, etc) to monitor on long period of times
¾ Regular ship measurements to monitor long repeat sections,
¾ In order to have all these data available for operational models: a
well-designed
and
robust
observing
system,
good
communication to shore to deliver data rapidly,
¾ Real time operational data centres,
¾ Suitable data protocols to distribute data to operational centres in
a timely way,
¾ International cooperation to achieve a global coverage, set up an
adequate system and maintain it in the long term.
2.
Essential features of operational oceanography
systems
The goal of operational oceanography is to provide routine ocean
nowcasts and forecasts and analysis on timescales of days to seasons, from
global to regional and coastal regions. To address the operational
oceanography needs, in-situ observing systems must comply with the
following requirements.
2.1
Coverage
The observing systems to be put in place are different depending on the
area and the phenomena to be sampled. We usually sort observing system
into 3 categories:
¾ Global: System designed to provide data all over the ocean (e.g
ARGO for general circulation). Such a system can only be built at
the international level and is complementary to observations made
from space. It is built to resolve climate scale phenomena with
sufficient resolution and accuracy and provides systematic upper
ocean observations of a limited number of parameters (temperature,
salinity, …) on a time scale from 10 days to 1 month. International
collaboration is the key factor for the success of such a network
because none of the countries is able to cover the globe alone, but
each country has to set up elements compatible and guaranteed on
the long term for their contribution to the system.
SYLVIE POULIQUEN
¾ Autonomous instruments (moorings, drifters, profiling floats,
gliders, etc) to monitor on long period of times
¾ Regular ship measurements to monitor long repeat sections,
¾ In order to have all these data available for operational models: a
well-designed
and
robust
observing
system,
good
communication to shore to deliver data rapidly,
¾ Real time operational data centres,
¾ Suitable data protocols to distribute data to operational centres in
a timely way,
¾ International cooperation to achieve a global coverage, set up an
adequate system and maintain it in the long term.
2.
Essential features of operational oceanography
systems
The goal of operational oceanography is to provide routine ocean
nowcasts and forecasts and analysis on timescales of days to seasons, from
global to regional and coastal regions. To address the operational
oceanography needs, in-situ observing systems must comply with the
following requirements.
2.1
Coverage
The observing systems to be put in place are different depending on the
area and the phenomena to be sampled. We usually sort observing system
into 3 categories:
¾ Global: System designed to provide data all over the ocean (e.g
ARGO for general circulation). Such a system can only be built at
the international level and is complementary to observations made
from space. It is built to resolve climate scale phenomena with
sufficient resolution and accuracy and provides systematic upper
ocean observations of a limited number of parameters (temperature,
salinity, …) on a time scale from 10 days to 1 month. International
collaboration is the key factor for the success of such a network
because none of the countries is able to cover the globe alone, but
each country has to set up elements compatible and guaranteed on
the long term for their contribution to the system.