HYBRID VERTICAL COORDINATES
125
smooth lateral transition between deep-ocean and coastal-shelf
grid domains: no need to transfer boundary conditions between
different models across the shelf break;
retention of vertical resolution in unstratified water columns not
achievable in pure isopycnic models, hence ability to incorporate
turbulence closure and buoyant convection schemes developed for
fixed-grid models;
relatively simple modeling of abyssal dense overflows ("simple"
compared to x models);
the flexibility inherited from isopycnic models to accomodate massless layers on the sea floor, thereby circumventing the a coordinate
pressure gradient error.
Acknowledgements
The work presented here is being funded by the Climate Change Prediction and Ocean Science Programs of DOE'S Office of Science, Climate
Change Research Division. Dr. Shan Sun (NASAIGISS) contributed
Fig. 5.
References
Bleck, R., 1978: On the use of hybrid vertical coordinates in numerical weather p r e
diction models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1233-1244.
-, 2002: An oceanic general circulation model framed in hybrid isopycnic-Cartesian
coordinates. Ocean Modelling, 4, 55-88.
-, and D. B. Boudra, 1981: Initial testing of a numerical ocean circulation model
using a hybrid (quasi-isopycnic) vertical coordinate. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11,
755-770.
-, C. Rooth, D. Hu, and L. Smith, 1992: Salinity-driven thermocline transients in a
wind- and thermohalineforced isopycnic coordinate model of the North Atlantic.
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1486-1505.
Brydon, D., S. Sun, and R. Bleck, 1999: A new approximation of the equation of
state for sea water, suitable for numerical ocean models. J. Geophys. Res., 104,
1537-1540.
Cheng, W., R. Bleck, and C. Rooth, 2004: Multi-decadal thermohaline variability in
an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 22, 573-590.
Flament, P., 2002. A state variable for characterizing water masses and their diffusive
stability: spiciness. Progr. Oceanog., 54, 493-501.
Hirt, C.W., A.A. Amsden, and J.L. Cook, 1974: An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian
computing method for all flow speeds. J. Comput. Phys., 14, 227-253.
Holland, D.M., and A. Jenkins, 2001: Adaptation of an isopycnic coordinate ocean
model for the study of circulation beneath ice shelves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129,
1905-1927.
Holland, W.R., and L. B. Lin, 1975a: On the generation of mesoscale eddies and
their contribution to the oceanic general circulation. I. A preliminary numerical
experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 642457.
125
smooth lateral transition between deep-ocean and coastal-shelf
grid domains: no need to transfer boundary conditions between
different models across the shelf break;
retention of vertical resolution in unstratified water columns not
achievable in pure isopycnic models, hence ability to incorporate
turbulence closure and buoyant convection schemes developed for
fixed-grid models;
relatively simple modeling of abyssal dense overflows ("simple"
compared to x models);
the flexibility inherited from isopycnic models to accomodate massless layers on the sea floor, thereby circumventing the a coordinate
pressure gradient error.
Acknowledgements
The work presented here is being funded by the Climate Change Prediction and Ocean Science Programs of DOE'S Office of Science, Climate
Change Research Division. Dr. Shan Sun (NASAIGISS) contributed
Fig. 5.
References
Bleck, R., 1978: On the use of hybrid vertical coordinates in numerical weather p r e
diction models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1233-1244.
-, 2002: An oceanic general circulation model framed in hybrid isopycnic-Cartesian
coordinates. Ocean Modelling, 4, 55-88.
-, and D. B. Boudra, 1981: Initial testing of a numerical ocean circulation model
using a hybrid (quasi-isopycnic) vertical coordinate. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11,
755-770.
-, C. Rooth, D. Hu, and L. Smith, 1992: Salinity-driven thermocline transients in a
wind- and thermohalineforced isopycnic coordinate model of the North Atlantic.
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1486-1505.
Brydon, D., S. Sun, and R. Bleck, 1999: A new approximation of the equation of
state for sea water, suitable for numerical ocean models. J. Geophys. Res., 104,
1537-1540.
Cheng, W., R. Bleck, and C. Rooth, 2004: Multi-decadal thermohaline variability in
an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 22, 573-590.
Flament, P., 2002. A state variable for characterizing water masses and their diffusive
stability: spiciness. Progr. Oceanog., 54, 493-501.
Hirt, C.W., A.A. Amsden, and J.L. Cook, 1974: An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian
computing method for all flow speeds. J. Comput. Phys., 14, 227-253.
Holland, D.M., and A. Jenkins, 2001: Adaptation of an isopycnic coordinate ocean
model for the study of circulation beneath ice shelves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129,
1905-1927.
Holland, W.R., and L. B. Lin, 1975a: On the generation of mesoscale eddies and
their contribution to the oceanic general circulation. I. A preliminary numerical
experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 642457.