R.V. Letters preceding the name of a ship, abbreviation for the term Research
Vessel. If the ship is French, I have used the letters N.O. meaning Navire
Oceanographic, and for German oceanographic vessels, the letters FS (Forschungsschiff) are used
Scoria Fragmented lava with a spiny surface formed during explosive eruptions
Seismograph From the Greek words ‘‘seismos’’ meaning earthquake and ‘‘graphos’’ meaning writing. A device that serves to measure time and the ground
motion of the Earth’s interior. The geologist reads and interprets a ‘‘seismogram’’, where he can see the type of waves, their path, and their change. The
difference in travel time of these types of waves, which will also vary with
depth, has revealed a picture of the Earth’s interior layers
Serpentine Foliated and hydrated silicate of calcium, magnesium, iron mineral
Serpentinization Transformation of olivine minerals into serpentine minerals
during hydration. The density of the rock could be obtained from the modal
analyses of the serpentine fraction in peridotite through the formula: density
(gr/cm
3 ) = 3.300–0785* S (serpentine)
Sepiolite Clay mineral of hydrated silicate magnesium (Mg 4 Si 2 O 5 )3 (OH) 2 6H 2 O
Silicic lavas Alkali- and silica-enriched rocks having high silica content
(SiO 2 [ 53 %). They include andesite, trachyte, trachy-andesite, and
trachybasalt
Sodalite Sodium hydrated-silicate mineral
Stockwork Term used by mining companies and referring to a mineral deposit
formed by a closely spaced network of veins and veinlets
Tectonite Deformed and metamorphosed peridotite during stress-induced motion
of the lithosphere
Thin section A thin (1 mm thick) sliced section of a rock or mineral glued onto a
glass support in order to be viewed under a microscope. Used in mineralogy,
the study of mineral crystals
Tonalite Igneous rock of felsic composition. Contains feldspar, quartz and
amphibole
Thrust-fault Fault with a dip of 45° or less on which the hanging wall seems to
have moved upward with respect to the footwall
Trachybasalt Alkali-enriched basalt (silicic basalt) with moderately rich silica
content
Trachy-andesite Alkali-enriched basalt with moderately rich silica content and
also showing fluidal texture
Glossary
369
Vessel. If the ship is French, I have used the letters N.O. meaning Navire
Oceanographic, and for German oceanographic vessels, the letters FS (Forschungsschiff) are used
Scoria Fragmented lava with a spiny surface formed during explosive eruptions
Seismograph From the Greek words ‘‘seismos’’ meaning earthquake and ‘‘graphos’’ meaning writing. A device that serves to measure time and the ground
motion of the Earth’s interior. The geologist reads and interprets a ‘‘seismogram’’, where he can see the type of waves, their path, and their change. The
difference in travel time of these types of waves, which will also vary with
depth, has revealed a picture of the Earth’s interior layers
Serpentine Foliated and hydrated silicate of calcium, magnesium, iron mineral
Serpentinization Transformation of olivine minerals into serpentine minerals
during hydration. The density of the rock could be obtained from the modal
analyses of the serpentine fraction in peridotite through the formula: density
(gr/cm
3 ) = 3.300–0785* S (serpentine)
Sepiolite Clay mineral of hydrated silicate magnesium (Mg 4 Si 2 O 5 )3 (OH) 2 6H 2 O
Silicic lavas Alkali- and silica-enriched rocks having high silica content
(SiO 2 [ 53 %). They include andesite, trachyte, trachy-andesite, and
trachybasalt
Sodalite Sodium hydrated-silicate mineral
Stockwork Term used by mining companies and referring to a mineral deposit
formed by a closely spaced network of veins and veinlets
Tectonite Deformed and metamorphosed peridotite during stress-induced motion
of the lithosphere
Thin section A thin (1 mm thick) sliced section of a rock or mineral glued onto a
glass support in order to be viewed under a microscope. Used in mineralogy,
the study of mineral crystals
Tonalite Igneous rock of felsic composition. Contains feldspar, quartz and
amphibole
Thrust-fault Fault with a dip of 45° or less on which the hanging wall seems to
have moved upward with respect to the footwall
Trachybasalt Alkali-enriched basalt (silicic basalt) with moderately rich silica
content
Trachy-andesite Alkali-enriched basalt with moderately rich silica content and
also showing fluidal texture
Glossary
369