Incompatible elements elements that are too large sized to enter into the lattice
of a mineral
Intrusion Emplacement of magma within the lithosphere, by means of dykes or
sills, as opposed to extrusion, which is a volcanic outpouring of melt onto the
surface of the lithosphere
Ions Electrically charged atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons
Jean Charcot Sea-going research vessel used by CNEXO and IFREMER for
scientific exploration. She was named after the Captain Jean-Baptiste Charcot
master of the Ship Pourquoi Pas? Who explored Antarctica’s shore in 1908. He
spent the winter on Petermann Island, located on the west side of the Antarctica
Peninsula
Lapilli fragmented debris of volcanic rock during volcanic eruption
Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE) Elements such as potassium (K),
strontium (Sr), sodium (Na) and zirconium (Zr) that have large-size radii and
therefore take up more space than other elements in the lattice of minerals. The
range of variability for the LILE in basalts is as it follows: Na 2 O + K 2 O
(\3–4 %), K/Ti \ 0.15–0.50, Zr/Y (\3–16), Zr (50–200 ppm), Y
(50–200 ppm), Sr (50–200 ppm) and Nb (50–200 ppm)
Lithology Refers to the nature of the rocks within a geological formation
Mafic Dark-colored rocks composed of olivine, pyroxene and other dark colored
minerals. Term used for basalt, dolerite and gabbros
Magma Liquid silicate-melt at high temperature ([1,000 °C). ‘‘Lava’’ is a word
to describe magma that is extruded during volcanism
Magmato-phreatic Refers to a volcanic eruption that is triggered by the contact
of hot magma and cold seawater
Manganese nodules Rounded, ball-shaped concretions of iron-manganese formed
on the sea floor after seawater has transported and precipitated metallic elements
Metamorphism Transformation of a rock that was already in a solid state, under
the influence of temperature and/or pressure, giving rise to newly formed
minerals
Metasomatism An alteration process (metamorphism) by which an original rock
is transformed by mineralized solutions (liquid or vapor) to produce new
material
Microplate Small rigid plate of about 300–600 km in diameter that was formed
during the motion of major plate reorganization, and that is now trapped
between larger plates of more than a thousand square kilometers
Mylonite Crushed and recrystallized rock formed during tectonic activity
Glossary
367
of a mineral
Intrusion Emplacement of magma within the lithosphere, by means of dykes or
sills, as opposed to extrusion, which is a volcanic outpouring of melt onto the
surface of the lithosphere
Ions Electrically charged atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons
Jean Charcot Sea-going research vessel used by CNEXO and IFREMER for
scientific exploration. She was named after the Captain Jean-Baptiste Charcot
master of the Ship Pourquoi Pas? Who explored Antarctica’s shore in 1908. He
spent the winter on Petermann Island, located on the west side of the Antarctica
Peninsula
Lapilli fragmented debris of volcanic rock during volcanic eruption
Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE) Elements such as potassium (K),
strontium (Sr), sodium (Na) and zirconium (Zr) that have large-size radii and
therefore take up more space than other elements in the lattice of minerals. The
range of variability for the LILE in basalts is as it follows: Na 2 O + K 2 O
(\3–4 %), K/Ti \ 0.15–0.50, Zr/Y (\3–16), Zr (50–200 ppm), Y
(50–200 ppm), Sr (50–200 ppm) and Nb (50–200 ppm)
Lithology Refers to the nature of the rocks within a geological formation
Mafic Dark-colored rocks composed of olivine, pyroxene and other dark colored
minerals. Term used for basalt, dolerite and gabbros
Magma Liquid silicate-melt at high temperature ([1,000 °C). ‘‘Lava’’ is a word
to describe magma that is extruded during volcanism
Magmato-phreatic Refers to a volcanic eruption that is triggered by the contact
of hot magma and cold seawater
Manganese nodules Rounded, ball-shaped concretions of iron-manganese formed
on the sea floor after seawater has transported and precipitated metallic elements
Metamorphism Transformation of a rock that was already in a solid state, under
the influence of temperature and/or pressure, giving rise to newly formed
minerals
Metasomatism An alteration process (metamorphism) by which an original rock
is transformed by mineralized solutions (liquid or vapor) to produce new
material
Microplate Small rigid plate of about 300–600 km in diameter that was formed
during the motion of major plate reorganization, and that is now trapped
between larger plates of more than a thousand square kilometers
Mylonite Crushed and recrystallized rock formed during tectonic activity
Glossary
367