hydrothermal and biological segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges, vol 118. Geological Society,
Special Publications, London, pp 157–168
Heezen BC, Tharp M (1968) Physiographic diagram of the North Atlantic Ocean. Map Edition,
Geological Society America, New York
Hekinian R (2004) Petrology of young Submarine Hotspot Lava: Composition and Classification.
In: Hekinian R, Stoffers P, Cheminée J-L (eds.) Oceanic Hotspots. Springer-Verlag,
Heidelberg (Germany), pp 431–459
Hekinian R, Fevrier M, Avedik F, Cambon P, Charlou JL, Needham H, Raillard J, Boulegue J,
Merlivat L, Moinet A, Manganini S, Lange J (1983) East Pacific rise near 13°N : geology of
new hydrothermal fields. Science 219:1321–1324
Hekinian R, Auzende JM, Francheteau J, Gente P, Ryan WBF, Kappel ES (1985) Offset
spreading centers near 12°53
0 N on the EPR. Marine Geophys Res 7:359–377
Hekinian R, Thompson G, Bideau D (1989) Axial and off-axial heterogeneity of basaltic rocks
from the East Pacific Rise at 12°38
0 N–12°51
0 N and 11°26
0 N–11°30
0 N. J Geophys Res
94:17437–17463
Hekinian R, Bideau D, Francheteau J, Cheminée J-L, Armijo R, Lonsdale P, Blum N (1993)
Petrology of the East Pacific-Rise crust and upper mantle exposed in the Hess Deep (Eastern
Equatorial Pacific). J Geophys Res 98:B5 8069–8094
Hekinian R, Bideau D, Hébert R, Niu Y (1995) Magmatism in the Garrett transform fault.
J Geophys Res 100:10163–10185
Hekinian R, Stoffers P, Ackermand D, Révillon S, Maia M, Bohn M (1999) Ridge-hotspot
interaction: the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge and the Foundation seamounts. Marine Geol
160:199–223
Hekinian R, Pineau F, Shilobreeva S, Bideau D, Gracia E, Javoy M (2000) Deep sea explosive
activity on the Mid-Atlantic ridge near 34°50
0 N: magma composition, vesicularity and
volatile content. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 98:49–77
Hekinian R, Binard N (2008) Le Feu des abysses, Editions Quae, Planète Terre, RD 10 F-78026
Versailles, p 175
Ito GT, Lin J (1995) Mantle temperature anomalies along the present and paleo-axes of the
Galapagos spreading center as inferred from gravity analyses. J Geophys Res
100(B3)L3733–3745
Jollivet D, Lallier FH, Barnay AS et al (2004) The BIOSPEEDO cruise: a new survey of
hydrothermal vents along the South East Pacific Rise from 7824
0 S to 21833
0 S. 13. Inter Ridge
News 13:20–26
Karson JA, Hurst SD, Lonsdale P (1992) Tectonic rotations of dikes in fast-spreading oceanic
crust exposed near Hess Deep. Geology 20:685–688
Lalou C, Brichet E, Hekinian R (1985) Age dating of sulfide deposits from axial and off-axial
structures on the East Pacific Rise near 12°50
0 N. Earth Planet Sci Lett 75:59–71
Lalou C, Reyss J-L, Brichet E, Arnold M, Thompson G, Fouquet Y, Rona PA (1993) New age
data for Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal sites: TAG and Snake Pit Chronology revised.
J Geol Soc London, Special Publ 148:1–15
LePichon X, Hekinian R, Francheteau J, Carré D (1975) Submersible study of lower continental
slope abyssal plain contact. Deep sea Res 22:667–670
Lipman PW, Prostka HJ, Chistiansen HL (1971) Evolving subduction zones in the western United
States, as interpreted from igneous Rocks. Sciences 148:821–825
Lonsdale P (1994) Geomorphology and structural segmentation of the crest of the Southern
(Pacific-Antarctic) East Pacific Rise. J Geophys Res 99:4683–4702
Macdonald KC, Fox PJ, Perram LJ, Eisen MF, Haymon RF, Miller M, Carbotte SP, Cormier MH, Shor AN (1988) A new view of the mid-ocean ridge from the behavior of ridge axis
discontinuities. Nature 335:217–225
Macdonald KC (1989) Tectonic and magmatic processes on the East Pacific Rise. In: Winterer
EL, Hussong DM, Decker RW (eds) The geology of North America: the Eastern Pacific
Ocean and Hawaii, v. Geological Society of America, Boulder, pp 93–110
252
7 Oceanic Spreading Ridges and Sea Floor Creation
Special Publications, London, pp 157–168
Heezen BC, Tharp M (1968) Physiographic diagram of the North Atlantic Ocean. Map Edition,
Geological Society America, New York
Hekinian R (2004) Petrology of young Submarine Hotspot Lava: Composition and Classification.
In: Hekinian R, Stoffers P, Cheminée J-L (eds.) Oceanic Hotspots. Springer-Verlag,
Heidelberg (Germany), pp 431–459
Hekinian R, Fevrier M, Avedik F, Cambon P, Charlou JL, Needham H, Raillard J, Boulegue J,
Merlivat L, Moinet A, Manganini S, Lange J (1983) East Pacific rise near 13°N : geology of
new hydrothermal fields. Science 219:1321–1324
Hekinian R, Auzende JM, Francheteau J, Gente P, Ryan WBF, Kappel ES (1985) Offset
spreading centers near 12°53
0 N on the EPR. Marine Geophys Res 7:359–377
Hekinian R, Thompson G, Bideau D (1989) Axial and off-axial heterogeneity of basaltic rocks
from the East Pacific Rise at 12°38
0 N–12°51
0 N and 11°26
0 N–11°30
0 N. J Geophys Res
94:17437–17463
Hekinian R, Bideau D, Francheteau J, Cheminée J-L, Armijo R, Lonsdale P, Blum N (1993)
Petrology of the East Pacific-Rise crust and upper mantle exposed in the Hess Deep (Eastern
Equatorial Pacific). J Geophys Res 98:B5 8069–8094
Hekinian R, Bideau D, Hébert R, Niu Y (1995) Magmatism in the Garrett transform fault.
J Geophys Res 100:10163–10185
Hekinian R, Stoffers P, Ackermand D, Révillon S, Maia M, Bohn M (1999) Ridge-hotspot
interaction: the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge and the Foundation seamounts. Marine Geol
160:199–223
Hekinian R, Pineau F, Shilobreeva S, Bideau D, Gracia E, Javoy M (2000) Deep sea explosive
activity on the Mid-Atlantic ridge near 34°50
0 N: magma composition, vesicularity and
volatile content. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 98:49–77
Hekinian R, Binard N (2008) Le Feu des abysses, Editions Quae, Planète Terre, RD 10 F-78026
Versailles, p 175
Ito GT, Lin J (1995) Mantle temperature anomalies along the present and paleo-axes of the
Galapagos spreading center as inferred from gravity analyses. J Geophys Res
100(B3)L3733–3745
Jollivet D, Lallier FH, Barnay AS et al (2004) The BIOSPEEDO cruise: a new survey of
hydrothermal vents along the South East Pacific Rise from 7824
0 S to 21833
0 S. 13. Inter Ridge
News 13:20–26
Karson JA, Hurst SD, Lonsdale P (1992) Tectonic rotations of dikes in fast-spreading oceanic
crust exposed near Hess Deep. Geology 20:685–688
Lalou C, Brichet E, Hekinian R (1985) Age dating of sulfide deposits from axial and off-axial
structures on the East Pacific Rise near 12°50
0 N. Earth Planet Sci Lett 75:59–71
Lalou C, Reyss J-L, Brichet E, Arnold M, Thompson G, Fouquet Y, Rona PA (1993) New age
data for Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal sites: TAG and Snake Pit Chronology revised.
J Geol Soc London, Special Publ 148:1–15
LePichon X, Hekinian R, Francheteau J, Carré D (1975) Submersible study of lower continental
slope abyssal plain contact. Deep sea Res 22:667–670
Lipman PW, Prostka HJ, Chistiansen HL (1971) Evolving subduction zones in the western United
States, as interpreted from igneous Rocks. Sciences 148:821–825
Lonsdale P (1994) Geomorphology and structural segmentation of the crest of the Southern
(Pacific-Antarctic) East Pacific Rise. J Geophys Res 99:4683–4702
Macdonald KC, Fox PJ, Perram LJ, Eisen MF, Haymon RF, Miller M, Carbotte SP, Cormier MH, Shor AN (1988) A new view of the mid-ocean ridge from the behavior of ridge axis
discontinuities. Nature 335:217–225
Macdonald KC (1989) Tectonic and magmatic processes on the East Pacific Rise. In: Winterer
EL, Hussong DM, Decker RW (eds) The geology of North America: the Eastern Pacific
Ocean and Hawaii, v. Geological Society of America, Boulder, pp 93–110
252
7 Oceanic Spreading Ridges and Sea Floor Creation