32
C.L. Gentemann et al.
2.7 Conclusions
PMW retrievals of wind speed, water vapor, cloud liquid water, rain rate, sea ice, and
SST have provided key information for research, climate, and operational applications. For research and operational applications, the daily global coverage provided
by PMW retrievals are a significant advance over the pre-satellite era which relied
on ship and buoy observations. For climate monitoring, the careful inter-calibration
of the PMW radiometers and consistent (single algorithm) processing of the entire
data set has provided an accurate 22 year time series of PMW retrievals.
Acknowledgements The AMSR-E SSTs are from Remote Sensing Systems, processed using the
version 5 algorithm, and available at www.remss.com . This work was funded by the NASA grants
NNG04HZ29C, NNG07HW15C, NNH08CC60C, and NNH09CF43C.
References
Atlas RM, Hoffman RN, Ardizzone J, Leidner SM, Jusem JC (2009) Development of a new crosscalibrated, multi-platform (CCMP) ocean surface wind product. Paper presented at AMS 13th
Conference on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans and
Land Surface (IOAS-AOLS), Phoenix, AZ, USA
Bettenhausen MH, Smith CK, Bevilacqua RM, Wang NY, Gaiser PW, Cox SK (2006) A nonlinear optimization algorithm for windsat wind vector retrievals. IEEE Trans Geosci Rem Sen
44(3):597–608
Bowman KP, Homeyer CR, Stone DG (2009) A comparison of oceanic precipitation estimates in
the tropics and subtropics. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 48:1335–1344
Cavalieri DJ, Gloersen P, Campbell JW (1984) Determination of sea ice parameters with the
nimbus 7 SMMR. J Geophys Res 89:5355–5369
Cecil DJ, Wingo M (2009) Comparison of TRMM rain-rate retrievals in tropical cyclones. J
Meteorol Soc Jpn 87A:369–380, doi:10.2151/jmsj.87A.369
Comiso JC, Cavalieri DJ, Parkinson CL, Gloersen P (1997) Passive microwave algorithms
for sea ice concentration: a comparison of two techniques. Rem Sens Environ 60(3):
357–384
Comiso JC, Steffen K (2001) Studies of Antarctic sea ice concentrations from satellite data and
their applications. J Geophys Res 106(C12):31361–31385
Gaiser PW, St. Germain KM, Twarog E, Poe G, Purdy W, Richardson D, Grossman W,
Jones WL, Spencer D, Golba G, Cleveland J, Choy L, Bevilacqua RM, Chang P (2004) The
windsat spaceborne polarimetric microwave radiometer: sensor description and early orbit
performance. IEEE Trans Geosci Rem Sen 42(11):2347–2361
Gentemann CL, Meissner T, Wentz FJ Accuracy of satellite sea surface temperatures at 7 and
11 GHz. IEEE Trans Geosci Rem Sen (in press)
Gloersen P, Cavalieri DJ, Chang ATC, Wilheit TT, Campbell WJ, Johannessen OM, Katsaros KB,
Kunzi KF, Ross DB, Staelin D, Windsor EPL, Barath FT, Gudmandsen P, Langham E, Ramseier
RO (1984) Summary of results from the first NIMBUS 7 SMMR observations. J Geophys Res
89:5335–5344
Han D, Kim ST (1988) Effects of switch leakages upon Nimbus-7 SMMR calibration. NASA
Memorandum 100705, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 17pp
Haug GH, Gunther D, Peterson LC, Sigman DM, Hughen KA, Aeschlimann B (2003) Climate and
the collapse of maya civilization. Science 299:1731–1735
Held IM, Soden BJ (2006) Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J Climate
19:5686–5699
C.L. Gentemann et al.
2.7 Conclusions
PMW retrievals of wind speed, water vapor, cloud liquid water, rain rate, sea ice, and
SST have provided key information for research, climate, and operational applications. For research and operational applications, the daily global coverage provided
by PMW retrievals are a significant advance over the pre-satellite era which relied
on ship and buoy observations. For climate monitoring, the careful inter-calibration
of the PMW radiometers and consistent (single algorithm) processing of the entire
data set has provided an accurate 22 year time series of PMW retrievals.
Acknowledgements The AMSR-E SSTs are from Remote Sensing Systems, processed using the
version 5 algorithm, and available at www.remss.com . This work was funded by the NASA grants
NNG04HZ29C, NNG07HW15C, NNH08CC60C, and NNH09CF43C.
References
Atlas RM, Hoffman RN, Ardizzone J, Leidner SM, Jusem JC (2009) Development of a new crosscalibrated, multi-platform (CCMP) ocean surface wind product. Paper presented at AMS 13th
Conference on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans and
Land Surface (IOAS-AOLS), Phoenix, AZ, USA
Bettenhausen MH, Smith CK, Bevilacqua RM, Wang NY, Gaiser PW, Cox SK (2006) A nonlinear optimization algorithm for windsat wind vector retrievals. IEEE Trans Geosci Rem Sen
44(3):597–608
Bowman KP, Homeyer CR, Stone DG (2009) A comparison of oceanic precipitation estimates in
the tropics and subtropics. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 48:1335–1344
Cavalieri DJ, Gloersen P, Campbell JW (1984) Determination of sea ice parameters with the
nimbus 7 SMMR. J Geophys Res 89:5355–5369
Cecil DJ, Wingo M (2009) Comparison of TRMM rain-rate retrievals in tropical cyclones. J
Meteorol Soc Jpn 87A:369–380, doi:10.2151/jmsj.87A.369
Comiso JC, Cavalieri DJ, Parkinson CL, Gloersen P (1997) Passive microwave algorithms
for sea ice concentration: a comparison of two techniques. Rem Sens Environ 60(3):
357–384
Comiso JC, Steffen K (2001) Studies of Antarctic sea ice concentrations from satellite data and
their applications. J Geophys Res 106(C12):31361–31385
Gaiser PW, St. Germain KM, Twarog E, Poe G, Purdy W, Richardson D, Grossman W,
Jones WL, Spencer D, Golba G, Cleveland J, Choy L, Bevilacqua RM, Chang P (2004) The
windsat spaceborne polarimetric microwave radiometer: sensor description and early orbit
performance. IEEE Trans Geosci Rem Sen 42(11):2347–2361
Gentemann CL, Meissner T, Wentz FJ Accuracy of satellite sea surface temperatures at 7 and
11 GHz. IEEE Trans Geosci Rem Sen (in press)
Gloersen P, Cavalieri DJ, Chang ATC, Wilheit TT, Campbell WJ, Johannessen OM, Katsaros KB,
Kunzi KF, Ross DB, Staelin D, Windsor EPL, Barath FT, Gudmandsen P, Langham E, Ramseier
RO (1984) Summary of results from the first NIMBUS 7 SMMR observations. J Geophys Res
89:5335–5344
Han D, Kim ST (1988) Effects of switch leakages upon Nimbus-7 SMMR calibration. NASA
Memorandum 100705, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 17pp
Haug GH, Gunther D, Peterson LC, Sigman DM, Hughen KA, Aeschlimann B (2003) Climate and
the collapse of maya civilization. Science 299:1731–1735
Held IM, Soden BJ (2006) Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J Climate
19:5686–5699