normals is described. By applying a special numbering scheme for the normal equations
system a very efficient way to solve the huge systems can be found. This modelling,
together with new data sets currently produced by DMA, promises a major progress for
the next solution.
REFERENCES
Bosch W., (1993); A rigorous least squares combination of low and high degree spherical
harmonics; Paper presented at IAG General Meeting, Session 11, Part D - Problems
and results of large scale geoid determination, Beijing, China
Colombo O. (1981); Numerical methods for harmonic analysis on the sphere; Ohio State
University, Department of Geodetic Science and SUlVeying, Rep. No. 310, Columbus, Ohio
Feron R. (1995); A new method to improve the mean sea surface topography from
altimeter observations; paper submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research
GFZ/D-PAF (1993); ERS-1 D-PAF Global Products Manual; Gruber Th., Massmann F.-H .•
Reigber Ch. (ed); published by GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam
Gruber Th, Anzenhofer M. (1993); The GFZ 360 gravity field model; in: Proceedings of Session
G3 - European Geophysical Society XVIII General Assembly, R Forsberg, H. Denker (ed);
published by: Geodetic Division, Kort- og Matrikelstyrelsen, Copenhagen
Kenyon S.c., Pavlis N.K., (1995); The development of a global surface gravity data base to be
used in the joint DMA/GSFC geopotential model; del; Paper presented at IUGG XXI General
Assembly, Session G3 - Global. Gravity Field and its temporal variations, Boulder, Colorado
Levitus S., 1980; Oimatological atlas of the world ocean; NOAA Prof. Paper, 13, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, l73pp
Makedonskii E.L., Balmino G., Galazin V., Kogan M.G., McNutt M.K., Fairhead J.D. (1994);
Gravity field over the former Soviet Union mapped; EOS, issue October 4, 1994
Rapp RH., (1989); The treatment of permanent tidal effects in the analysis of satellite altimeter
data for sea surface topography; Manuscripta Geodaetica, 14,368-372
Rapp RH., Kim J.H. (1990); The development of the July lxl degree and 30x30 minutes terrestrial
mean free-air anomaly data bases; Ohio State University, Department of Geodetic Science and
SUlVeying. Report No. 403, Columbus, Ohio
Rapp RH., Yi Y. (1991); The October 1990 lxl degree mean anomaly file including an analysis
of gravity information from China; Ohio State University, Department of Geodetic Science and
SUlVeying, Internal Report, Columbus, Ohio
Rapp RH., Wang Y.M., Pavlis N.K. (1991); The Ohio State 1991 geopotl~ntial and sea surface
topography harmonic coefficient models; Ohio State University, Department of Geodetic
Science and SUlVeying, Report No. 410, Columbus, Ohio
Schwintzer P., Reigber Ch., Bode A., Kang Z., Zhu S.Y., Massmann F.-H., Raimondo J.c.,
Biancale R, Balmino G., Lemoine 1.M., Moynot B., Marty le., Barlier F., Boudon Y. (1995);
Improvement of global gravity field modelling: GRIM4; Report under preparation
SUnkel H., Hausleitner W., Schuh W.D., (1995); SST/SGG: Tailored numerical solution strategies;
Final Report, ESA-CIGAR ill / Phase 2, Work Package 221, Technical University Graz,
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Trimmer R, Manning D., (1995); The altimetry derived gravity anomalies to be used in computing
the joint DMA/NASA earth gravity model; Paper presented at IUGG XXI General Assembly,
Session G3 - Global Gravity Field and its temporal variations, Boulder, Colorado
Wieser M., (1987); Das globale digitale Hohenmodell lUG87; InterneI' Bericht, Technische
UniversitHt Graz
70
system a very efficient way to solve the huge systems can be found. This modelling,
together with new data sets currently produced by DMA, promises a major progress for
the next solution.
REFERENCES
Bosch W., (1993); A rigorous least squares combination of low and high degree spherical
harmonics; Paper presented at IAG General Meeting, Session 11, Part D - Problems
and results of large scale geoid determination, Beijing, China
Colombo O. (1981); Numerical methods for harmonic analysis on the sphere; Ohio State
University, Department of Geodetic Science and SUlVeying, Rep. No. 310, Columbus, Ohio
Feron R. (1995); A new method to improve the mean sea surface topography from
altimeter observations; paper submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research
GFZ/D-PAF (1993); ERS-1 D-PAF Global Products Manual; Gruber Th., Massmann F.-H .•
Reigber Ch. (ed); published by GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam
Gruber Th, Anzenhofer M. (1993); The GFZ 360 gravity field model; in: Proceedings of Session
G3 - European Geophysical Society XVIII General Assembly, R Forsberg, H. Denker (ed);
published by: Geodetic Division, Kort- og Matrikelstyrelsen, Copenhagen
Kenyon S.c., Pavlis N.K., (1995); The development of a global surface gravity data base to be
used in the joint DMA/GSFC geopotential model; del; Paper presented at IUGG XXI General
Assembly, Session G3 - Global. Gravity Field and its temporal variations, Boulder, Colorado
Levitus S., 1980; Oimatological atlas of the world ocean; NOAA Prof. Paper, 13, U.S. Dept. of
Commerce, l73pp
Makedonskii E.L., Balmino G., Galazin V., Kogan M.G., McNutt M.K., Fairhead J.D. (1994);
Gravity field over the former Soviet Union mapped; EOS, issue October 4, 1994
Rapp RH., (1989); The treatment of permanent tidal effects in the analysis of satellite altimeter
data for sea surface topography; Manuscripta Geodaetica, 14,368-372
Rapp RH., Kim J.H. (1990); The development of the July lxl degree and 30x30 minutes terrestrial
mean free-air anomaly data bases; Ohio State University, Department of Geodetic Science and
SUlVeying. Report No. 403, Columbus, Ohio
Rapp RH., Yi Y. (1991); The October 1990 lxl degree mean anomaly file including an analysis
of gravity information from China; Ohio State University, Department of Geodetic Science and
SUlVeying, Internal Report, Columbus, Ohio
Rapp RH., Wang Y.M., Pavlis N.K. (1991); The Ohio State 1991 geopotl~ntial and sea surface
topography harmonic coefficient models; Ohio State University, Department of Geodetic
Science and SUlVeying, Report No. 410, Columbus, Ohio
Schwintzer P., Reigber Ch., Bode A., Kang Z., Zhu S.Y., Massmann F.-H., Raimondo J.c.,
Biancale R, Balmino G., Lemoine 1.M., Moynot B., Marty le., Barlier F., Boudon Y. (1995);
Improvement of global gravity field modelling: GRIM4; Report under preparation
SUnkel H., Hausleitner W., Schuh W.D., (1995); SST/SGG: Tailored numerical solution strategies;
Final Report, ESA-CIGAR ill / Phase 2, Work Package 221, Technical University Graz,
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Trimmer R, Manning D., (1995); The altimetry derived gravity anomalies to be used in computing
the joint DMA/NASA earth gravity model; Paper presented at IUGG XXI General Assembly,
Session G3 - Global Gravity Field and its temporal variations, Boulder, Colorado
Wieser M., (1987); Das globale digitale Hohenmodell lUG87; InterneI' Bericht, Technische
UniversitHt Graz
70