Index
393
Differentiating mutations, 5
haplogroup B4a1a1, 5
mitochondrial haplogroup E, 5
“Polynesian motif”, 5
the Y chromosome mutation M5, 38
Diffusionist/anti-diffusionist debate, 103
Diffusionists, 144
Diffusion of myths, 22
Diffusion of tree worship, 296
Direct Chinese introduction of the melanotic
chicken to Mesoamerica, 113
Disappearance of large fauna, 237
Discrepancies in line lengths, 308
Dispersal of Indo-Europeans, 325
Diversity of Creation myths, 287
Diversity of flood myths in the Moluccas, 287
Double canoe, 159
Double-outrigger, 158
advantages, 58
designed for exploiting fast currents, 56
Droughts, 200
Dudumunir cave, 51, 124
Dudumunir pottery, 124
Dye, T., 187, 254
The dying and rising Tree god, 290
E
Earlier wider oceanographic context, 380
Early European accounts of Maori pa, 217
See also Maori pa (hill-forts)
Early first settlement of New Zealand, 9
See also Lapita age first settlement of New
Zealand
Early Matawhero Period, 204
Early migration history of Hawaii, 167
Early Spice Island colony in southern Japan,
91
East Australian Current, 8, 43, 148, 237, 270
Easter Island, 199, 208
Eastern Polynesia, 162
colonization from Western Polynesia, 7
Economic motivation
driving Spice Island maritime
expansions, 7
of spice trading, 380
Ecuador, 132
El Ni˜ no-driven drought and famine, 198
El Ni˜ no events
contained events, oscillations, 328
driven by oceanic and atmospheric forces,
326
heralded by westerlies, 328
important in climate-modulated exploration
and migration, see ENSO events
induce demographic stress that triggers
migration, 331
level 3 (AD 1294), 341
level 4 (AD 1244), 341
level 5 (AD 1096), 333, 351
level 5 (AD 689), 352
level 5 (AD 903), 334, 341
level 5 (AD 1230), 341, 351
level 5+ (AD 967), 341, 351
level 5+ (AD 1200), 341
level 5 + (AD 1200), 351
major focus for research, 326
El Ni˜ no low Nile flood proxy data, 9, 10, 329,
335, 338, 339
Enfield, David, 329
Enforced migrations, 198
Engan language family, 55
ENSO (El Ni˜ no Southern Oscillation) events
as irregular climate-modulators, 331
a major focus for research, 326
as oceanographic phenomena, 331
Environmental deterioration, 238, 247
Equatorial current, 43
Erikson, Gustav, 255
Erosion history
New Zealand, 210, 212
Palliser Bay, 264
Eruption
of Mt Witori, 153
of Taupo (AD 186), 352
of Taupo (BC 1200 to 815), 355
Estimations of fertility in prehistoric New
Zealand, 230
Evans, Jeff, 297
Evidence from midden analysis, 205
Expansions from a maritime Ice Age
refuge, 61
Express train to Polynesia, 5
Extreme climate change
demographic consequences, 194
Extreme cold
impact on biota, 194
Extreme isolation of the Chatham Islands, 348
F
Famine-resistance, 6, 12, 151
selective advantages, 31
“thrifty gene”, 17, 30, 31
Feasible biological range, 308
Female fertility, 241
Fern-root planes, 255
Fijian waqa drua, 157
Finney, Ben, 158
393
Differentiating mutations, 5
haplogroup B4a1a1, 5
mitochondrial haplogroup E, 5
“Polynesian motif”, 5
the Y chromosome mutation M5, 38
Diffusionist/anti-diffusionist debate, 103
Diffusionists, 144
Diffusion of myths, 22
Diffusion of tree worship, 296
Direct Chinese introduction of the melanotic
chicken to Mesoamerica, 113
Disappearance of large fauna, 237
Discrepancies in line lengths, 308
Dispersal of Indo-Europeans, 325
Diversity of Creation myths, 287
Diversity of flood myths in the Moluccas, 287
Double canoe, 159
Double-outrigger, 158
advantages, 58
designed for exploiting fast currents, 56
Droughts, 200
Dudumunir cave, 51, 124
Dudumunir pottery, 124
Dye, T., 187, 254
The dying and rising Tree god, 290
E
Earlier wider oceanographic context, 380
Early European accounts of Maori pa, 217
See also Maori pa (hill-forts)
Early first settlement of New Zealand, 9
See also Lapita age first settlement of New
Zealand
Early Matawhero Period, 204
Early migration history of Hawaii, 167
Early Spice Island colony in southern Japan,
91
East Australian Current, 8, 43, 148, 237, 270
Easter Island, 199, 208
Eastern Polynesia, 162
colonization from Western Polynesia, 7
Economic motivation
driving Spice Island maritime
expansions, 7
of spice trading, 380
Ecuador, 132
El Ni˜ no-driven drought and famine, 198
El Ni˜ no events
contained events, oscillations, 328
driven by oceanic and atmospheric forces,
326
heralded by westerlies, 328
important in climate-modulated exploration
and migration, see ENSO events
induce demographic stress that triggers
migration, 331
level 3 (AD 1294), 341
level 4 (AD 1244), 341
level 5 (AD 1096), 333, 351
level 5 (AD 689), 352
level 5 (AD 903), 334, 341
level 5 (AD 1230), 341, 351
level 5+ (AD 967), 341, 351
level 5+ (AD 1200), 341
level 5 + (AD 1200), 351
major focus for research, 326
El Ni˜ no low Nile flood proxy data, 9, 10, 329,
335, 338, 339
Enfield, David, 329
Enforced migrations, 198
Engan language family, 55
ENSO (El Ni˜ no Southern Oscillation) events
as irregular climate-modulators, 331
a major focus for research, 326
as oceanographic phenomena, 331
Environmental deterioration, 238, 247
Equatorial current, 43
Erikson, Gustav, 255
Erosion history
New Zealand, 210, 212
Palliser Bay, 264
Eruption
of Mt Witori, 153
of Taupo (AD 186), 352
of Taupo (BC 1200 to 815), 355
Estimations of fertility in prehistoric New
Zealand, 230
Evans, Jeff, 297
Evidence from midden analysis, 205
Expansions from a maritime Ice Age
refuge, 61
Express train to Polynesia, 5
Extreme climate change
demographic consequences, 194
Extreme cold
impact on biota, 194
Extreme isolation of the Chatham Islands, 348
F
Famine-resistance, 6, 12, 151
selective advantages, 31
“thrifty gene”, 17, 30, 31
Feasible biological range, 308
Female fertility, 241
Fern-root planes, 255
Fijian waqa drua, 157
Finney, Ben, 158