214
12 The Context of Global Climate Change: Climate-Driven Demography
References
1. Lamb H (1972) Climate, present, past and future. Two Volumes, Methuen & Co Ltd, London
2. We have chosen this common name for the period rather than Lamb’s “Little Climatic
Optimum” because it has clear and useful chronological implications.
3. Lamb H (1977) Climate, present, past and future. Vol 2, Methuen & Co Ltd, London, p. 436
4. May R (1978) Human reproduction reconsidered. Nat 272: 491–495
5. Law G (1977) Genesis in Oceania. NZ Archaeol Newsl 20: 86–106, 96
6. Lamb H (1977) Climate, present, past and future. Vol 2, Methuen & Co Ltd, London, p 265
7. A population of 3000 with a growth rate of 1.39% p.a. would reach a population of 76,909 by
AD 1095, a close estimate for the actual population at AD 1095, established from tax records
as 77,520
8. Lamb H (1977) Climate, present, past and future. Vol 2, Methuen & Co Ltd, London, pp 10–11
9. Cook J (1785) A voyage to the Pacific Ocean in the years 1776–1779. Vol 3, p. 26
10. Couper-Johnston R (2000) El Niño, the weather phenomenon that changed the world. Hodder
and Stoughton, London, 2000, p. 84, quoting from Loeb E (1971) History and traditions of
Niue.
11. Brewis A, Allen J (1994) Biological anthropological research in the Pacific. J Polyn Soc 103:
7–10
12. Jones T, Brown G, Raab M et al (1999) Environmental imperatives reconsidered: demographic
crises in Western North America during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Curr Anthropol
40(2): 137–170
13. Grant P (1994) Late Holocene histories of climate, geomorphology and vegetation, and their
effects on the first New Zealanders. In: Sutton D (ed) The Origins of the First New Zealanders.
Auckland University Press, Auckland, pp 164–194, p 171
14. Beattie H (1954) Our Southernmost Maoris. Facsimile edition 1994, Cadsonbury
Publications, Christchurch, pp. 140–141
15. For example, Cook E, Palmer J, D’Arrigo R (2002) Evidence for a ‘Medieval Warm Period’ in
a 1,100 year tree-ring reconstruction of past austral summer temperatures in NZ. Geophys Res
Lett 29(14): 12–1–12–4; Cook E, Palmer J, Cook B et al (2002) A multi-millennial palaeoclimatic resource from L. garostrobos colensoi tree-rings at Oroko Swamp, New Zealand. Glob
Planet Chang 33: 209–220; Hellstrom J, McCulloch M, Stone J (1998) A detailed 31,000-year
record of climate and vegetation change, from the isotope geochemistry of two New Zealand
speleothems. Quat Res 50: 167–178
16. Lamb H (1977) Climate, present, past and future. Vol 2, Methuen & Co Ltd, London, pp. 7–8
17. Couper-Johnston R (2000) El Niño, the weather phenomenon that changed the world. Hodder
and Stoughton, London, 2000 pp 9–10, quoting from Loeb E (1971) History and traditions of
Niue
18. Barber I (1992) Archaeology, ethnography and the record of Maori cannibalism. J Polyn Soc
101(3): 241–292
19. Barber I (1992) Archaeology, ethnography and the record of Maori cannibalism. J Polyn Soc
101(3): 254
20. Beattie H (1941) Moriori, The Morioris of the South Island. Otago Daily Times and Witness
Newspapers, Dunedin, p. 49
21. Salmond A (1991) Two worlds, first meetings between Maori and Europeans 1642–1772.
University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, p. 39
22. Kirch, P (1984) The Evolution of the Polynesian Chiefdoms. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, p. 159
23. Houghton P (1980) The first New Zealanders. Hodder and Stoughton, Auckland
24. Best E (1927) The Pa Maori. Dominion Museum Bulletin No 6 Reprinted 1975, Wellington,
p. 171
12 The Context of Global Climate Change: Climate-Driven Demography
References
1. Lamb H (1972) Climate, present, past and future. Two Volumes, Methuen & Co Ltd, London
2. We have chosen this common name for the period rather than Lamb’s “Little Climatic
Optimum” because it has clear and useful chronological implications.
3. Lamb H (1977) Climate, present, past and future. Vol 2, Methuen & Co Ltd, London, p. 436
4. May R (1978) Human reproduction reconsidered. Nat 272: 491–495
5. Law G (1977) Genesis in Oceania. NZ Archaeol Newsl 20: 86–106, 96
6. Lamb H (1977) Climate, present, past and future. Vol 2, Methuen & Co Ltd, London, p 265
7. A population of 3000 with a growth rate of 1.39% p.a. would reach a population of 76,909 by
AD 1095, a close estimate for the actual population at AD 1095, established from tax records
as 77,520
8. Lamb H (1977) Climate, present, past and future. Vol 2, Methuen & Co Ltd, London, pp 10–11
9. Cook J (1785) A voyage to the Pacific Ocean in the years 1776–1779. Vol 3, p. 26
10. Couper-Johnston R (2000) El Niño, the weather phenomenon that changed the world. Hodder
and Stoughton, London, 2000, p. 84, quoting from Loeb E (1971) History and traditions of
Niue.
11. Brewis A, Allen J (1994) Biological anthropological research in the Pacific. J Polyn Soc 103:
7–10
12. Jones T, Brown G, Raab M et al (1999) Environmental imperatives reconsidered: demographic
crises in Western North America during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Curr Anthropol
40(2): 137–170
13. Grant P (1994) Late Holocene histories of climate, geomorphology and vegetation, and their
effects on the first New Zealanders. In: Sutton D (ed) The Origins of the First New Zealanders.
Auckland University Press, Auckland, pp 164–194, p 171
14. Beattie H (1954) Our Southernmost Maoris. Facsimile edition 1994, Cadsonbury
Publications, Christchurch, pp. 140–141
15. For example, Cook E, Palmer J, D’Arrigo R (2002) Evidence for a ‘Medieval Warm Period’ in
a 1,100 year tree-ring reconstruction of past austral summer temperatures in NZ. Geophys Res
Lett 29(14): 12–1–12–4; Cook E, Palmer J, Cook B et al (2002) A multi-millennial palaeoclimatic resource from L. garostrobos colensoi tree-rings at Oroko Swamp, New Zealand. Glob
Planet Chang 33: 209–220; Hellstrom J, McCulloch M, Stone J (1998) A detailed 31,000-year
record of climate and vegetation change, from the isotope geochemistry of two New Zealand
speleothems. Quat Res 50: 167–178
16. Lamb H (1977) Climate, present, past and future. Vol 2, Methuen & Co Ltd, London, pp. 7–8
17. Couper-Johnston R (2000) El Niño, the weather phenomenon that changed the world. Hodder
and Stoughton, London, 2000 pp 9–10, quoting from Loeb E (1971) History and traditions of
Niue
18. Barber I (1992) Archaeology, ethnography and the record of Maori cannibalism. J Polyn Soc
101(3): 241–292
19. Barber I (1992) Archaeology, ethnography and the record of Maori cannibalism. J Polyn Soc
101(3): 254
20. Beattie H (1941) Moriori, The Morioris of the South Island. Otago Daily Times and Witness
Newspapers, Dunedin, p. 49
21. Salmond A (1991) Two worlds, first meetings between Maori and Europeans 1642–1772.
University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, p. 39
22. Kirch, P (1984) The Evolution of the Polynesian Chiefdoms. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, p. 159
23. Houghton P (1980) The first New Zealanders. Hodder and Stoughton, Auckland
24. Best E (1927) The Pa Maori. Dominion Museum Bulletin No 6 Reprinted 1975, Wellington,
p. 171