References
85
before 1000 BC. Conceivably second-wave explorers or migrants after 400 BC,
again following the same current south along the Western Australian coast, could
have brought at least one of the elephant bird eggs from Madagascar to Western
Australia. Though myths were often spread by traders, and may imply only transient contact, it is conceivable that diffusion of the Lapita-age Moon/Lake myth to
Western Australia might imply the setting up of an ancient settlement there.
While evidence for Spice Island mariners following the West Australian Current
into the southern Indian Ocean in two different periods is tenuous and unusual, that
it exists at all is remarkable.
References
1. Athens J, Ward J (2000) Paleoenvironmental evidence for early human settlement in Palau:
the Ngerchau Core. In Stevenson C, Lee G, Morin F (eds.) Pacific 2000, Proceedings of the
fifth international conference on Easter Island and the Pacific, pp. 165–178
2. Fornander A (1877 reprinted 1969) An account of the Polynesian race, its origin and
migrations. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Rutland, Vermont and Tokyo, Vol I p. 162
3. Whatahoro H (trans. Smith S) (1915) The lore of the Whare-wananga. Part II, J Polyn
Soc 2: 18
4. Whatahoro H (trans. Smith S) (1915) The lore of the Whare-wananga. Part II, J Polyn Soc 2:
49–50
5. King V (1993) The peoples of Borneo. Blackwell, Oxford, p. 81
6. Hurles M, Sykes B et al. (2005) The dual origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and
East Africa: evidence from maternal and paternal lineages. Am J Hum Genet 76: 894–901,
894
7. Dahl, O (1951) Malgache et Maanyan. Egede Instituttet, Oslo
8. Adelaar, A (1995) Asian roots of the Malagasy: a linguistic perspective. Bijdragen tot de
Taal-land en Volkenkunde 151: 325–356
9. Dewar R, Wright H (1993) The culture history of Madagascar. J. World Prehist 7: 417–466
10. Burney D, Burney L et al. (2004) A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar. J. Hum Evol
47: 25–63
11. Miller J (1969) The spice trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C. to A.D. 641. Clarendon Press,
Oxford, p. 171
12. Hurles M, Sykes B et al. (2005) The dual origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and
East Africa: evidence from maternal and paternal lineages. Am J Hum Genet 76: 895
13. Oppenheimer S (2004) In: Jobling M, Hurles M, Tyler-Smith C (eds.) Human evolutionary
genetics, peoples and disease, Garland Publishing, New York, pp. 359–360
14. Soodyall H, Jenkins T, Stoneking M (1995) Polynesian mtDNA in the Malagasy. Natl Genet
Med 10: 377–378, 377
15. Soodyall H, Jenkins T, Stoneking M (1995) Polynesian mtDNA in the Malagasy. Natl Genet
Med 10: 377
16. Pliny the Elder, Natural History, quoted in Miller [11]
17. Haddon A and Hornell J, Canoes of Oceania. Bernice P.Bishop Museum Special Publications,
27, 28, 29, 1936–1938, reprinted by Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 1975, Vol. III, p. 17
18. Miller J (1969) The spice trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C. to A.D. 641. Clarendon Press,
Oxford, p. 166
19. Burney D, Burney L et al. (2004) A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar. J Hum Evol
47: 25–63, 31–32
85
before 1000 BC. Conceivably second-wave explorers or migrants after 400 BC,
again following the same current south along the Western Australian coast, could
have brought at least one of the elephant bird eggs from Madagascar to Western
Australia. Though myths were often spread by traders, and may imply only transient contact, it is conceivable that diffusion of the Lapita-age Moon/Lake myth to
Western Australia might imply the setting up of an ancient settlement there.
While evidence for Spice Island mariners following the West Australian Current
into the southern Indian Ocean in two different periods is tenuous and unusual, that
it exists at all is remarkable.
References
1. Athens J, Ward J (2000) Paleoenvironmental evidence for early human settlement in Palau:
the Ngerchau Core. In Stevenson C, Lee G, Morin F (eds.) Pacific 2000, Proceedings of the
fifth international conference on Easter Island and the Pacific, pp. 165–178
2. Fornander A (1877 reprinted 1969) An account of the Polynesian race, its origin and
migrations. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Rutland, Vermont and Tokyo, Vol I p. 162
3. Whatahoro H (trans. Smith S) (1915) The lore of the Whare-wananga. Part II, J Polyn
Soc 2: 18
4. Whatahoro H (trans. Smith S) (1915) The lore of the Whare-wananga. Part II, J Polyn Soc 2:
49–50
5. King V (1993) The peoples of Borneo. Blackwell, Oxford, p. 81
6. Hurles M, Sykes B et al. (2005) The dual origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and
East Africa: evidence from maternal and paternal lineages. Am J Hum Genet 76: 894–901,
894
7. Dahl, O (1951) Malgache et Maanyan. Egede Instituttet, Oslo
8. Adelaar, A (1995) Asian roots of the Malagasy: a linguistic perspective. Bijdragen tot de
Taal-land en Volkenkunde 151: 325–356
9. Dewar R, Wright H (1993) The culture history of Madagascar. J. World Prehist 7: 417–466
10. Burney D, Burney L et al. (2004) A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar. J. Hum Evol
47: 25–63
11. Miller J (1969) The spice trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C. to A.D. 641. Clarendon Press,
Oxford, p. 171
12. Hurles M, Sykes B et al. (2005) The dual origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and
East Africa: evidence from maternal and paternal lineages. Am J Hum Genet 76: 895
13. Oppenheimer S (2004) In: Jobling M, Hurles M, Tyler-Smith C (eds.) Human evolutionary
genetics, peoples and disease, Garland Publishing, New York, pp. 359–360
14. Soodyall H, Jenkins T, Stoneking M (1995) Polynesian mtDNA in the Malagasy. Natl Genet
Med 10: 377–378, 377
15. Soodyall H, Jenkins T, Stoneking M (1995) Polynesian mtDNA in the Malagasy. Natl Genet
Med 10: 377
16. Pliny the Elder, Natural History, quoted in Miller [11]
17. Haddon A and Hornell J, Canoes of Oceania. Bernice P.Bishop Museum Special Publications,
27, 28, 29, 1936–1938, reprinted by Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 1975, Vol. III, p. 17
18. Miller J (1969) The spice trade of the Roman Empire 29 B.C. to A.D. 641. Clarendon Press,
Oxford, p. 166
19. Burney D, Burney L et al. (2004) A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar. J Hum Evol
47: 25–63, 31–32