Solovieva: Spring Stopover of Birds on the Laplev Sea Polynva
Table I: Abundance estimates (individuals) without visibility correction factors.
Date
May 25
Route length (km)
64
Area surveyed (km 2 )
16
per cent of Polynya area
0.001
KING EIDER
8240
LONG-TAILED DUCK
30840
DUCK sp.
106900
KITTIWAKE
Table 2: Intensity of migration (individuals/hour).
Date
May 25
May 29
King Eider
2325
29
Long-tailed Duck
17
May 27
82
20.5
0.001
22470
28890
6100
Kittiwake
15
May 28
Average
205
50.3
0.003
28810
19840
25050
27940
12200
49300
6100
Pomarine Skua
3
24
Table 3: Daily time budget and energy of activity (EA) in King Eider on the Polynya.
Activities
Diving Pausing Flying* Swiming
Rest
Comfort
SleeJ:ling
Time (min) in female
399
312
66
142
98
28
498
EA (BMR) in female
1.39
0.26
0.11
0.10
0.03
0.35
Time (min) in male
424
332
66
142.2
98.4
27.6
473
EA (BMR) in male
1.47
0.28
0.11
0.10
0.03
0.33
* energy of flying activity is included into bellow PEmg .
Productive energy (PE)
/93
Males spend 3.98KJ per km of fly-way (calculated according to (4)), in females this value is
3.87KJ/km. The L, distance is 1400 km. Therefore productive energy for this migration is
5572KJ in males and 5418KJ in females, in terms of body fat it is 142.9g and 138.9g
correspondingly. It takes 8563KJ in males and 8326KJ in females to restore such amount of fat
loss, in units of BMR it is 14.09 and 14.24. In consideration that birds restore the fat lost
during overspringing on the Polynya (31 days), the daily energy devoted to fat regeneration is
calculated at 0.45 and 0.46 BMR. Migration over the Polynya with distance L2= 1190km takes
4748KJ of energy from males and 4617KJ from females, equal to 0.25 BMR daily in both
sexes. So the total value of daily PEMG (see (5)) is 0.71 BMR and doesn't differ between
sexes. Female deposited 3420KJ into clutch, equal to 0.18 her daily BMR. Total PE in females
is 0.89 BMR.
Daily metabolised energy (EM), as a sum of TR, EA, and PE, consists 3.17 BMR in King
Eider males and 3.45 BMR in females.
Table I: Abundance estimates (individuals) without visibility correction factors.
Date
May 25
Route length (km)
64
Area surveyed (km 2 )
16
per cent of Polynya area
0.001
KING EIDER
8240
LONG-TAILED DUCK
30840
DUCK sp.
106900
KITTIWAKE
Table 2: Intensity of migration (individuals/hour).
Date
May 25
May 29
King Eider
2325
29
Long-tailed Duck
17
May 27
82
20.5
0.001
22470
28890
6100
Kittiwake
15
May 28
Average
205
50.3
0.003
28810
19840
25050
27940
12200
49300
6100
Pomarine Skua
3
24
Table 3: Daily time budget and energy of activity (EA) in King Eider on the Polynya.
Activities
Diving Pausing Flying* Swiming
Rest
Comfort
SleeJ:ling
Time (min) in female
399
312
66
142
98
28
498
EA (BMR) in female
1.39
0.26
0.11
0.10
0.03
0.35
Time (min) in male
424
332
66
142.2
98.4
27.6
473
EA (BMR) in male
1.47
0.28
0.11
0.10
0.03
0.33
* energy of flying activity is included into bellow PEmg .
Productive energy (PE)
/93
Males spend 3.98KJ per km of fly-way (calculated according to (4)), in females this value is
3.87KJ/km. The L, distance is 1400 km. Therefore productive energy for this migration is
5572KJ in males and 5418KJ in females, in terms of body fat it is 142.9g and 138.9g
correspondingly. It takes 8563KJ in males and 8326KJ in females to restore such amount of fat
loss, in units of BMR it is 14.09 and 14.24. In consideration that birds restore the fat lost
during overspringing on the Polynya (31 days), the daily energy devoted to fat regeneration is
calculated at 0.45 and 0.46 BMR. Migration over the Polynya with distance L2= 1190km takes
4748KJ of energy from males and 4617KJ from females, equal to 0.25 BMR daily in both
sexes. So the total value of daily PEMG (see (5)) is 0.71 BMR and doesn't differ between
sexes. Female deposited 3420KJ into clutch, equal to 0.18 her daily BMR. Total PE in females
is 0.89 BMR.
Daily metabolised energy (EM), as a sum of TR, EA, and PE, consists 3.17 BMR in King
Eider males and 3.45 BMR in females.