v. luterzenka and Knickmeier: Chlorovhyll a Distribution in Water Column and Sea Ice
159
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that the variability of Chi a concentrations within newly
forming sea ice in the Laptev Sea is high. It is likely that the observed patterns are caused by
different physical and biological processes, which vary due to the hydrographical characteristics
of the Laptev Sea water masses as well as the individual history of different ice floes during
their growth. However, total algal biomass within the ice is relatively high and within the range
of the water column standing stock. Therefore it may serve as food for the developing microand meiofaunal ice community. The partially high autumnal biomass in the water column could
be used by remaining zooplankton as last food source before the winter period. In order to fully
understand the highly complex and dynamic processes of enrichment and entrainment of living
cells as well as sediment particles into sea ice, biologists, sedimentologists and ice physicists
are challenged to continue their joint studies in field work and experiments.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all collegues and crew members on board lIB Kapitan Dranitsyn for
their support and cooperation. We are especially indepted to K.P. Tyshko and the russian ice
group, K. Tuschling and F. Lindemann, which assisted in taking ice samples at any time and
even in exceptional circumstances. R. Gradinger gave helpful comments during the data
analysis. The manuscript was improved by the comments of two anonymous referees. This
study was carried out as part of the project "German-Russian Investigations of Marginal Seas
of the Eurasian Arctic" and funded by the German Ministry of Education, Science, Research
and Technology (BMBF).
References
Ackley, S.F., G. Dieckmann and H. Shen (1987) Algal and foram incorporation into new sea ice. Eos, 68,
1736.
Ackley, S.F. and C.W. Sullivan (1994) Physical controls on the development and characteristics of Antarctic sea
ice biological communities - a review and synthesis. Deep-Sea Res.!, 41,1583-1604.
Aleksandrov, V. and 1. Kolatschek (1997) Sea ice conditions during the Transdrift III expedition. In: Laptev Sea
System: Expeditions in 1995, H. Kassens (ed.), Ber. Polarforsch., 19-20.
Arar, E.1. and G.B. Collins (1992) In vitro determination of Chi a and phaeophytin a in marine and freshwater
phytoplankton by fluorescence. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, 14pp.
Booth, J.A. (1984) The epontic algal community of the ice edge zone and its significance to the Davis Strait
Ecosystem. Arctic, 37, 234-243.
Cota, G.F., L. Legendre, M. Gosselin and R.G. Ingram (1991) Ecology of bottom ice algae: 1. Environmental
controls and variabilty. I. Mar. Syst., 2, 257-278.
Demers S., L. Legendre, I.e. Therriault and R.G. Ingram (1986) Biological production at the ice-water
ergocJine. In: Marine interfaces ecohydrodynamics, I.C.1. Nihoul. (ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 31-54
Eicken, H., E. Reimnitz, V. Alexandrov, T. Martin, H. Kassens and T. Viehoff (1997) Sea-ice processes in the
Laptev Sea and their importance for sediment export. Cont. Shelf Res., 17, 205-233.
Garrison, D.L., S.F. Ackley and K.R. Buck (1983) A physical mechanism for establishing algal popUlations in
frazil ice. Nature, 306, 363-365.
Garrison, D.L., A.R. Close and E. Reimnitz (1990) Microorganisms concentrated by frazil ice. In: Sea ice
properties and processes, Ackley, S.F. and W.F. Wceks (cds), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - CRRL
Monograph 90-1 (Proc. of W.F. Weeks Sea Ice Symposium), 92-96.
Gosselin, M., L. Legendre, 1.-e. Therriault, S. Demers and M. Rochet (1986) Physical control of the horizontal
patchiness of sea-ice microalgae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 29, 289-298.
Gulliksen, B. and 0.1. L¢nnc (1989) Distribution, abundance, and ecological importance of marine sympagic
fauna in the Arctic. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer., 188, 133-138.
Gradinger, R. (J 995) Climate change and biological oceanography of the Arctic Ocean. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
Land. A, 352, 277-286.
Gradinger. R. (1996) Algal bloom under Arctic pack ice. Mar. Eco!. Prog. Ser., 131,301-305.
159
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that the variability of Chi a concentrations within newly
forming sea ice in the Laptev Sea is high. It is likely that the observed patterns are caused by
different physical and biological processes, which vary due to the hydrographical characteristics
of the Laptev Sea water masses as well as the individual history of different ice floes during
their growth. However, total algal biomass within the ice is relatively high and within the range
of the water column standing stock. Therefore it may serve as food for the developing microand meiofaunal ice community. The partially high autumnal biomass in the water column could
be used by remaining zooplankton as last food source before the winter period. In order to fully
understand the highly complex and dynamic processes of enrichment and entrainment of living
cells as well as sediment particles into sea ice, biologists, sedimentologists and ice physicists
are challenged to continue their joint studies in field work and experiments.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all collegues and crew members on board lIB Kapitan Dranitsyn for
their support and cooperation. We are especially indepted to K.P. Tyshko and the russian ice
group, K. Tuschling and F. Lindemann, which assisted in taking ice samples at any time and
even in exceptional circumstances. R. Gradinger gave helpful comments during the data
analysis. The manuscript was improved by the comments of two anonymous referees. This
study was carried out as part of the project "German-Russian Investigations of Marginal Seas
of the Eurasian Arctic" and funded by the German Ministry of Education, Science, Research
and Technology (BMBF).
References
Ackley, S.F., G. Dieckmann and H. Shen (1987) Algal and foram incorporation into new sea ice. Eos, 68,
1736.
Ackley, S.F. and C.W. Sullivan (1994) Physical controls on the development and characteristics of Antarctic sea
ice biological communities - a review and synthesis. Deep-Sea Res.!, 41,1583-1604.
Aleksandrov, V. and 1. Kolatschek (1997) Sea ice conditions during the Transdrift III expedition. In: Laptev Sea
System: Expeditions in 1995, H. Kassens (ed.), Ber. Polarforsch., 19-20.
Arar, E.1. and G.B. Collins (1992) In vitro determination of Chi a and phaeophytin a in marine and freshwater
phytoplankton by fluorescence. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, 14pp.
Booth, J.A. (1984) The epontic algal community of the ice edge zone and its significance to the Davis Strait
Ecosystem. Arctic, 37, 234-243.
Cota, G.F., L. Legendre, M. Gosselin and R.G. Ingram (1991) Ecology of bottom ice algae: 1. Environmental
controls and variabilty. I. Mar. Syst., 2, 257-278.
Demers S., L. Legendre, I.e. Therriault and R.G. Ingram (1986) Biological production at the ice-water
ergocJine. In: Marine interfaces ecohydrodynamics, I.C.1. Nihoul. (ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 31-54
Eicken, H., E. Reimnitz, V. Alexandrov, T. Martin, H. Kassens and T. Viehoff (1997) Sea-ice processes in the
Laptev Sea and their importance for sediment export. Cont. Shelf Res., 17, 205-233.
Garrison, D.L., S.F. Ackley and K.R. Buck (1983) A physical mechanism for establishing algal popUlations in
frazil ice. Nature, 306, 363-365.
Garrison, D.L., A.R. Close and E. Reimnitz (1990) Microorganisms concentrated by frazil ice. In: Sea ice
properties and processes, Ackley, S.F. and W.F. Wceks (cds), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - CRRL
Monograph 90-1 (Proc. of W.F. Weeks Sea Ice Symposium), 92-96.
Gosselin, M., L. Legendre, 1.-e. Therriault, S. Demers and M. Rochet (1986) Physical control of the horizontal
patchiness of sea-ice microalgae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 29, 289-298.
Gulliksen, B. and 0.1. L¢nnc (1989) Distribution, abundance, and ecological importance of marine sympagic
fauna in the Arctic. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer., 188, 133-138.
Gradinger, R. (J 995) Climate change and biological oceanography of the Arctic Ocean. Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
Land. A, 352, 277-286.
Gradinger. R. (1996) Algal bloom under Arctic pack ice. Mar. Eco!. Prog. Ser., 131,301-305.