122
Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic: Dynamics and History
filtration processes within the ice texture are possible particle entrainment processes during
the observed freeze-up_
3 Even under calm weather conditions, the freeze-up seems to be an important time period for
sediment transport by sea ice from shallow shelf areas towards the deep basins of the Laptev
Sea, and probably for sediment export to the Arctic Ocean.
4 In order to fully understand sediment entraining processes into sea ice, more field work has
to be conducted during freeze-up, including high-resolution time series of oceanographic and
meterological parameters, and all disciplines of ice work, including biology, geology, ice
physics, meteorology, oceanology and remote sensing. Additionally, tank experiments have
to be done, studying particle incorporation in more detail and under controlled condition.
Acknowledgements
We thank captain and crew aboard lIB "Kapitan Dranitsyn" for their support and cooperation.
We are especially grateful to E. Reimnitz and K.P. Tyshko for organizing this crowd, and J.
Freitag for assistance during field work. The manuscript benefittet substantially from the
constructive comments made by H. Eicken and I. Werner, as well as by the referees E.
Reimnitz and L.H. Smedsrud. This study was carried out as part of the project "GermanRussian Cooperation: System-Laptev Sea", funded by the German Ministry of Education,
Science, Research and Technology (grant no. 52540030G0517 A).
References
Ackennann, N.1., H.T. Shen and B.E. Sanders (1990) Sediment enrichment of coastal ice covers. Proceedings of
the international Association of Hydraulic Research Ice Symposium, 86-96.
Ackennann, N.1., H.T. Shen and B.E. Sanders (1994) Experimental studies of sediment enrichment of arctic ice
covers due to wave action an frazil entrainment. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C4), 7761-7770.
Ackley, S.F., G. Dieckmann and H. Shen (1987) Algal and foram incorporation into new sea ice. EOS 68(50),
1736.
Barnes, P.W., E. Reimnitz and D. Fox (1982): Ice rafting of fine-grained sediment, a sorting and transport
mechanism. J. Sediment. Petrol., 52(2), 493-502.
Chambell, N.J. and A.E. Collin (1958): The discoloration of Foxe Basin Ice. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 15(6),
1175-1188.
Colony, R. and A.S. Thorndike (1984) An estimate of the mean field of Arctic sea ice motion. J. Geophys.
Res., 89(C6), 10623-10629.
Dethleff, D. (1995) The Laptev Sea - A key region for particle entrainment into Arctic sea ice (in Gennan). PhD
thesis, University Kiel, 111 pp.
Dieckmann, G.S., M. Spindler, M.A. Lange, S.F. Ackley and H. Eicken (1991) Antarctic sea ice: a habitat for
the forarniniferNeogloboquadrina pachydenna. J. Foram. Res., 21(2),182-189.
Dmitrenko, I., 1. Timokhov, P. Golovin and N. Dmitriev (1997) Oceanographic processes in the Laptev Sea
during autumn. In: Laptev Sea System: expeditions in 1995, Kassens, H. (ed.), Ber. Polarforsch. 248, 44-61.
Kempema, E.W., E. Reimnitz and P. Barnes (1989) Sea ice sediment entrainment and rafting in the Arctic. J.
Sediment. Petrol., 59(2), 308-317.
Kempema, E.W., E. Reimnitz and R.E. Hunter (1986) Flume studies and field observations of the interaction of
frazil ice and anchor ice with sediments. Open-File Report 86-515,1-48.
Martin, S. and P. Kauffman (1981) A field and laboratory study of wave damping by grease ice. J. Glaciol.,
27(96),283-313.
Medcov, J.e. and M.1.H. Thomas (1974) Surfacing on ice of frozen-in marine bottom materials. Journal
Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 31, 1195-1200.
Osterkamp, T.E. and J.P. Gosink (1984) Observations and analyses of sediment-laden sea ice. In: The Alskan
Beaufort Sea: ecosystems and environments, Barnes, P.W., D.M Schell and E. Reimnitz (eds.), Academic
Press, Orlando, 73-93.
Pfirman, S., H. Eicken, D. Bauch and W.F. Weeks (1995) The potential transport of pollutants by Arctic sea
ice. Sci. Total Environ., 159, 129-146.
Reimnitz, E. and K.F. Bruder (1972) River discharge into an ice-covered ocean and releated sediment dispersal,
Beaufort Sea, coast of Alaska. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 861-866.
Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic: Dynamics and History
filtration processes within the ice texture are possible particle entrainment processes during
the observed freeze-up_
3 Even under calm weather conditions, the freeze-up seems to be an important time period for
sediment transport by sea ice from shallow shelf areas towards the deep basins of the Laptev
Sea, and probably for sediment export to the Arctic Ocean.
4 In order to fully understand sediment entraining processes into sea ice, more field work has
to be conducted during freeze-up, including high-resolution time series of oceanographic and
meterological parameters, and all disciplines of ice work, including biology, geology, ice
physics, meteorology, oceanology and remote sensing. Additionally, tank experiments have
to be done, studying particle incorporation in more detail and under controlled condition.
Acknowledgements
We thank captain and crew aboard lIB "Kapitan Dranitsyn" for their support and cooperation.
We are especially grateful to E. Reimnitz and K.P. Tyshko for organizing this crowd, and J.
Freitag for assistance during field work. The manuscript benefittet substantially from the
constructive comments made by H. Eicken and I. Werner, as well as by the referees E.
Reimnitz and L.H. Smedsrud. This study was carried out as part of the project "GermanRussian Cooperation: System-Laptev Sea", funded by the German Ministry of Education,
Science, Research and Technology (grant no. 52540030G0517 A).
References
Ackennann, N.1., H.T. Shen and B.E. Sanders (1990) Sediment enrichment of coastal ice covers. Proceedings of
the international Association of Hydraulic Research Ice Symposium, 86-96.
Ackennann, N.1., H.T. Shen and B.E. Sanders (1994) Experimental studies of sediment enrichment of arctic ice
covers due to wave action an frazil entrainment. J. Geophys. Res., 99(C4), 7761-7770.
Ackley, S.F., G. Dieckmann and H. Shen (1987) Algal and foram incorporation into new sea ice. EOS 68(50),
1736.
Barnes, P.W., E. Reimnitz and D. Fox (1982): Ice rafting of fine-grained sediment, a sorting and transport
mechanism. J. Sediment. Petrol., 52(2), 493-502.
Chambell, N.J. and A.E. Collin (1958): The discoloration of Foxe Basin Ice. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 15(6),
1175-1188.
Colony, R. and A.S. Thorndike (1984) An estimate of the mean field of Arctic sea ice motion. J. Geophys.
Res., 89(C6), 10623-10629.
Dethleff, D. (1995) The Laptev Sea - A key region for particle entrainment into Arctic sea ice (in Gennan). PhD
thesis, University Kiel, 111 pp.
Dieckmann, G.S., M. Spindler, M.A. Lange, S.F. Ackley and H. Eicken (1991) Antarctic sea ice: a habitat for
the forarniniferNeogloboquadrina pachydenna. J. Foram. Res., 21(2),182-189.
Dmitrenko, I., 1. Timokhov, P. Golovin and N. Dmitriev (1997) Oceanographic processes in the Laptev Sea
during autumn. In: Laptev Sea System: expeditions in 1995, Kassens, H. (ed.), Ber. Polarforsch. 248, 44-61.
Kempema, E.W., E. Reimnitz and P. Barnes (1989) Sea ice sediment entrainment and rafting in the Arctic. J.
Sediment. Petrol., 59(2), 308-317.
Kempema, E.W., E. Reimnitz and R.E. Hunter (1986) Flume studies and field observations of the interaction of
frazil ice and anchor ice with sediments. Open-File Report 86-515,1-48.
Martin, S. and P. Kauffman (1981) A field and laboratory study of wave damping by grease ice. J. Glaciol.,
27(96),283-313.
Medcov, J.e. and M.1.H. Thomas (1974) Surfacing on ice of frozen-in marine bottom materials. Journal
Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 31, 1195-1200.
Osterkamp, T.E. and J.P. Gosink (1984) Observations and analyses of sediment-laden sea ice. In: The Alskan
Beaufort Sea: ecosystems and environments, Barnes, P.W., D.M Schell and E. Reimnitz (eds.), Academic
Press, Orlando, 73-93.
Pfirman, S., H. Eicken, D. Bauch and W.F. Weeks (1995) The potential transport of pollutants by Arctic sea
ice. Sci. Total Environ., 159, 129-146.
Reimnitz, E. and K.F. Bruder (1972) River discharge into an ice-covered ocean and releated sediment dispersal,
Beaufort Sea, coast of Alaska. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 861-866.