146 pp. http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/shorezone/goa_protocol.
pdf. Accessed March 2013.
Harper, J. R., and Harvey-Kelly, F., 1994. Subsurface Oil Retention
in Coarse Sediments Beaches. Report EE-147, Environment
Canada, 60 pp.
Hayes, M. O., Michel, J., Montello, T. M., Aurand, D. V., Al-Mansi,
A. M., Al-Moaen, A. H., Sauer, T. C., and Thayer, G. W., 1993.
Distribution and weathering of shoreline oil one year after the
Gulf War oil spill. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 27, 135–142.
Hayes, M. O., Michel, J., and Betenbaugh, D. V., 2010. The intermittently exposed, coarse-grained gravel beaches of Prince William Sound, Alaska: comparison with open-ocean gravel
beaches. Journal of Coastal Research, 26(1), 4–30.
Hayworth, T. P., Clement, T. P., and Valentine, J. F., 2011. Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacts on Alabama beaches. Hydrology
and Earth System Sciences, 15, 3639–3649.
Howard, S., and Little, D. I., 1987. Effect of infaunal burrow structure on oil penetration into sediments. In Proceedings International Oil Spill Conference, pp. 427–431. doi:10.7901/21693358-1987-1-427.
Howlett, E., and Jayko, K., 1998. COZOIL (Coastal Zone Oil Spill
Model), model improvements and linkage to a graphical user
interface. In Proceedings Arctic Marine Oilspill Project
(AMOP)
Technical
Seminar.
Environment
Canada,
18 pp. http://www.asascience.com/about/publications/pdf/
1998/cozoil.pdf. Accessed 3 March 2015.
Kerambrun, L., 2003. Erika oil spill: responding in difficult-toaccess coves and on cliffs. In Proceedings International Oil Spill
Conference, pp. 1085–1089. doi:10.7901/2169-3358-2003-11085.
Li, H., and Boufadel, M., 2011. A tracer study in an Alaskan gravel
beach and its implications on the persistence of the Exxon Valdez
oil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 1261–1269.
Little, D. I., and Scales, D. L., 1987. The persistence of oil
stranded on sediment shorelines. In Proceedings International
Oil Spill Conference, pp. 433–438. doi:10.7901/2169-33581987-1-433.
Michel, J., Hayes, M. O., Getter, C. D., and Cotsapas, L., 2005. The
Gulf War oil spill twelve years later: consequences of
eco-terrorism. In Proceedings International Oil Spill Conference. American Petroleum Institute, 5 pp. doi:10.7901/21693358-2005-1-957.
NOAA, 2002. Environmental Sensitivity Index Guidelines, Version
3.0. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OR&R 11, U.S.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 100 p.
NOAA Fisheries, 2012. Alaska ShoreZone Coastal Mapping and
Imagery. www.alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/shorezone/. Accessed
March 2013.
NOAA, 2012. Proceedings ESI Mapping Workshop, May 1–3,
spills/oil-spills/response-tools/esi-workshop-next-generationesis.html. Acces-sed March 2013.
OSAT-2, 2011. Summary Report for Fate and Effects of Remnant
Oil in the Beach Environment. Operational Advisory Team. Prepared for Federal On-Scene Coordinator, U.S. Coast Guard,
35 pp.
Oudot, J., and Chaillan, F., 2010. Pyrolysis of asphaltenes and biomarkers for the fingerprinting of the Amoco Cadiz oil spill after
23 years. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 13, 548–552.
Owens, E. H., 2010. Shoreline response and long-term oil
behavior studies following the 1970 Arrow spill in Chedabucto
Bay, NS. In Proceedings Arctic Marine Oilspill Project
(AMOP)
Technical
Seminar.
Environment
Canada,
pp. 207–221.
Owens, E. H., and Lee, K., 2003. Interaction of oil and mineral fines
on shorelines: review and assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin,
47(9–12), 397–405.
Owens, E. H., and Sergy, G. A., 2003. The development of the
SCAT process for the assessment of oiled shorelines. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 47, 415–422, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S0025-326X(03)00211-X.
Owens, E. H., and Sergy, G. A., 2005. Time series observations of
marsh recovery and pavement persistence at three Metula spill
sites after 30½ years. In Proceedings Arctic Marine Oilspill Project (AMOP) Technical Seminar. Environment Canada,
pp. 463–472.
Owens, E. H., Harper, J. R., Robson, W., and Boehm, P. D., 1987.
Fate and persistence of crude oil stranded on a sheltered beach.
Arctic, 40(1), 109–123.
Owens, E. H., Taylor, E., and Humphrey, B., 2008. The persistence
and character of stranded oil on coarse-sediment beaches.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56, 14–26.
Page, D. S., Boehm, P. D., Brown, J. S., Gundlach, E. R., and Neff,
J. M., 2013. Fate of oil on shorelines. Chapter 6. In Wiens, J. A.
(ed.), Oil in the Environment: Legacies and Lessons of the Exxon
Valdez Oil Spill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN
9781107027176.
Parham, P., 2011. Sedimentary evolution of Deepwater Horizon/
Macondo oil on the gulfside beaches of Mississippi, Alabama
and western Florida: observations of a SCAT team member. In
Proceedings South-Central Regional Geological Society of
America. 27 pp. http://gsa.confex.com/data/handout/gsa/
2011SC/Paper_186995_handout_89_0.ppt. Accessed December 2012.
Peacock, E. E., Nelson, R. K., Solow, A. R., Warren, J. D., Baker,
J. L., and Reddy, C. M., 2005. The West Falmouth oil spill:
100 kg of oil found to persist decades later. Environmental
Forensics, 6, 273–281.
Pope, G., Gordon, K., and Bragg, J., 2010. Using fundamental practices to explain field observations twenty-one years after the
Exxon Valdez oil spill. In Proceedings International Oil Spill
Conference. American Petroleum Institute, 13 pp. doi:10.7901/
2169-3358-2011-1-214.
Prince, R. C., Owens, E. H., and Sergy, G. A., 2002. Weathering of
an Arctic oil spill over 20 years: the BIOS experiment revisited.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44, 1236–1242.
Reddy, C. M., Eglinton, T., Hounshell, A., White, H. K., Xu, L.,
Gaines, R. B., and Frysinger, G. S., 2002. The West Falmouth
oil spill after thirty years: the persistence of petroleum hydrocarbons in marsh sediments. Environmental Science & Technology,
36, 4754–4760.
Reed, M., Gundlach, E. R., and Kana, T., 1989. A coastal zone oil
spill model: development and sensitivity studies. Oil and Chemical Pollution, 5, 419–449.
Reed, M., Johansen, O., Brankvik, P. J., Daling, P., Lewis, A.,
Fiocco, R., Mackay, D., and Prentki, R., 1999. Oil spill modeling
towards the close of the 20th century: overview of the state of the
art. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 5, 3–16.
Santner, R., Cocklan-Vendl, M. C., Stong, B., Michel, J., Owens, E.,
and Taylor, E., 2011. The Deepwater Horizon, MC
252-Macondo shoreline cleanup assessment technique (SCAT)
program. In Proceedings International Oil Spill Conference.
American Petroleum Institute, 9 pp. doi:10.7901/2169-33582011-1-270.
Taylor, E., and Reimer, P. D., 2008. Oil persistence on beaches in
Prince William Sound – a review of SCAT surveys conducted
from 1989 to 2002. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 458–474.
UNEP, 2011. Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland. Nairobi:
United Nations Environment Programme. 257 pp.
Wang, P., and Roberts, T. M., 2013. Distribution of surficial and
buried oil contaminants across sandy beaches along NW Florida
and Alabama coasts following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in
2010. Journal of Coastal Research, 29, 144–155, doi:10.2112/
JCOASTRES-D-12-00198.1.
OIL SPILL
591
pdf. Accessed March 2013.
Harper, J. R., and Harvey-Kelly, F., 1994. Subsurface Oil Retention
in Coarse Sediments Beaches. Report EE-147, Environment
Canada, 60 pp.
Hayes, M. O., Michel, J., Montello, T. M., Aurand, D. V., Al-Mansi,
A. M., Al-Moaen, A. H., Sauer, T. C., and Thayer, G. W., 1993.
Distribution and weathering of shoreline oil one year after the
Gulf War oil spill. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 27, 135–142.
Hayes, M. O., Michel, J., and Betenbaugh, D. V., 2010. The intermittently exposed, coarse-grained gravel beaches of Prince William Sound, Alaska: comparison with open-ocean gravel
beaches. Journal of Coastal Research, 26(1), 4–30.
Hayworth, T. P., Clement, T. P., and Valentine, J. F., 2011. Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacts on Alabama beaches. Hydrology
and Earth System Sciences, 15, 3639–3649.
Howard, S., and Little, D. I., 1987. Effect of infaunal burrow structure on oil penetration into sediments. In Proceedings International Oil Spill Conference, pp. 427–431. doi:10.7901/21693358-1987-1-427.
Howlett, E., and Jayko, K., 1998. COZOIL (Coastal Zone Oil Spill
Model), model improvements and linkage to a graphical user
interface. In Proceedings Arctic Marine Oilspill Project
(AMOP)
Technical
Seminar.
Environment
Canada,
18 pp. http://www.asascience.com/about/publications/pdf/
1998/cozoil.pdf. Accessed 3 March 2015.
Kerambrun, L., 2003. Erika oil spill: responding in difficult-toaccess coves and on cliffs. In Proceedings International Oil Spill
Conference, pp. 1085–1089. doi:10.7901/2169-3358-2003-11085.
Li, H., and Boufadel, M., 2011. A tracer study in an Alaskan gravel
beach and its implications on the persistence of the Exxon Valdez
oil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 1261–1269.
Little, D. I., and Scales, D. L., 1987. The persistence of oil
stranded on sediment shorelines. In Proceedings International
Oil Spill Conference, pp. 433–438. doi:10.7901/2169-33581987-1-433.
Michel, J., Hayes, M. O., Getter, C. D., and Cotsapas, L., 2005. The
Gulf War oil spill twelve years later: consequences of
eco-terrorism. In Proceedings International Oil Spill Conference. American Petroleum Institute, 5 pp. doi:10.7901/21693358-2005-1-957.
NOAA, 2002. Environmental Sensitivity Index Guidelines, Version
3.0. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OR&R 11, U.S.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 100 p.
NOAA Fisheries, 2012. Alaska ShoreZone Coastal Mapping and
Imagery. www.alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/shorezone/. Accessed
March 2013.
NOAA, 2012. Proceedings ESI Mapping Workshop, May 1–3,
spills/oil-spills/response-tools/esi-workshop-next-generationesis.html. Acces-sed March 2013.
OSAT-2, 2011. Summary Report for Fate and Effects of Remnant
Oil in the Beach Environment. Operational Advisory Team. Prepared for Federal On-Scene Coordinator, U.S. Coast Guard,
35 pp.
Oudot, J., and Chaillan, F., 2010. Pyrolysis of asphaltenes and biomarkers for the fingerprinting of the Amoco Cadiz oil spill after
23 years. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 13, 548–552.
Owens, E. H., 2010. Shoreline response and long-term oil
behavior studies following the 1970 Arrow spill in Chedabucto
Bay, NS. In Proceedings Arctic Marine Oilspill Project
(AMOP)
Technical
Seminar.
Environment
Canada,
pp. 207–221.
Owens, E. H., and Lee, K., 2003. Interaction of oil and mineral fines
on shorelines: review and assessment. Marine Pollution Bulletin,
47(9–12), 397–405.
Owens, E. H., and Sergy, G. A., 2003. The development of the
SCAT process for the assessment of oiled shorelines. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 47, 415–422, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S0025-326X(03)00211-X.
Owens, E. H., and Sergy, G. A., 2005. Time series observations of
marsh recovery and pavement persistence at three Metula spill
sites after 30½ years. In Proceedings Arctic Marine Oilspill Project (AMOP) Technical Seminar. Environment Canada,
pp. 463–472.
Owens, E. H., Harper, J. R., Robson, W., and Boehm, P. D., 1987.
Fate and persistence of crude oil stranded on a sheltered beach.
Arctic, 40(1), 109–123.
Owens, E. H., Taylor, E., and Humphrey, B., 2008. The persistence
and character of stranded oil on coarse-sediment beaches.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56, 14–26.
Page, D. S., Boehm, P. D., Brown, J. S., Gundlach, E. R., and Neff,
J. M., 2013. Fate of oil on shorelines. Chapter 6. In Wiens, J. A.
(ed.), Oil in the Environment: Legacies and Lessons of the Exxon
Valdez Oil Spill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN
9781107027176.
Parham, P., 2011. Sedimentary evolution of Deepwater Horizon/
Macondo oil on the gulfside beaches of Mississippi, Alabama
and western Florida: observations of a SCAT team member. In
Proceedings South-Central Regional Geological Society of
America. 27 pp. http://gsa.confex.com/data/handout/gsa/
2011SC/Paper_186995_handout_89_0.ppt. Accessed December 2012.
Peacock, E. E., Nelson, R. K., Solow, A. R., Warren, J. D., Baker,
J. L., and Reddy, C. M., 2005. The West Falmouth oil spill:
100 kg of oil found to persist decades later. Environmental
Forensics, 6, 273–281.
Pope, G., Gordon, K., and Bragg, J., 2010. Using fundamental practices to explain field observations twenty-one years after the
Exxon Valdez oil spill. In Proceedings International Oil Spill
Conference. American Petroleum Institute, 13 pp. doi:10.7901/
2169-3358-2011-1-214.
Prince, R. C., Owens, E. H., and Sergy, G. A., 2002. Weathering of
an Arctic oil spill over 20 years: the BIOS experiment revisited.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44, 1236–1242.
Reddy, C. M., Eglinton, T., Hounshell, A., White, H. K., Xu, L.,
Gaines, R. B., and Frysinger, G. S., 2002. The West Falmouth
oil spill after thirty years: the persistence of petroleum hydrocarbons in marsh sediments. Environmental Science & Technology,
36, 4754–4760.
Reed, M., Gundlach, E. R., and Kana, T., 1989. A coastal zone oil
spill model: development and sensitivity studies. Oil and Chemical Pollution, 5, 419–449.
Reed, M., Johansen, O., Brankvik, P. J., Daling, P., Lewis, A.,
Fiocco, R., Mackay, D., and Prentki, R., 1999. Oil spill modeling
towards the close of the 20th century: overview of the state of the
art. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 5, 3–16.
Santner, R., Cocklan-Vendl, M. C., Stong, B., Michel, J., Owens, E.,
and Taylor, E., 2011. The Deepwater Horizon, MC
252-Macondo shoreline cleanup assessment technique (SCAT)
program. In Proceedings International Oil Spill Conference.
American Petroleum Institute, 9 pp. doi:10.7901/2169-33582011-1-270.
Taylor, E., and Reimer, P. D., 2008. Oil persistence on beaches in
Prince William Sound – a review of SCAT surveys conducted
from 1989 to 2002. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 458–474.
UNEP, 2011. Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland. Nairobi:
United Nations Environment Programme. 257 pp.
Wang, P., and Roberts, T. M., 2013. Distribution of surficial and
buried oil contaminants across sandy beaches along NW Florida
and Alabama coasts following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in
2010. Journal of Coastal Research, 29, 144–155, doi:10.2112/
JCOASTRES-D-12-00198.1.
OIL SPILL
591