Davis, E., Chapman, D., Wang, K., Villinger, H., Fisher, A., Robinson, S., Grigel, J., Pribnow, D., Stein, J., and Becker, K., 1999.
Regional heat flow variations across the sedimented Juan de
Fuca Ridge eastern flank: constraints on lithospheric cooling
and lateral hydrothermal heat transport. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 104, 17675–17688.
Dietz, R. S., 1961. Continent and ocean basin evolution by spreading of the seafloor. Nature, 190, 854–857.
Doin, M., and Fleitout, L., 1996. Thermal evolution of the oceanic
lithosphere: an alternative view. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 142, 121–136.
Elderfield, H., and Schultz, A., 1996. Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal flux and the chemical composition of the ocean. Annual
Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 24, 191–224.
Ewing, M., LePichon, X., and Langseth, M. G., 1966. Crustal structure of the mid-Atlantic ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research,
71, 1611–1636.
Fisher, A. T., Davis, E. E., Hutnak, M., Spiess, V., Zulsdordorff, L.,
Cherakaoul, A., Christiansen, L., Edwards, K., Macdonald, R.,
Vellinger, H., Mottl, M. J., Wheat, C. G., and Becker, K., 2003.
Hydrothermal recharge and discharge across 50 km guided by
seamounts on a young ridge flank. Nature, 421, 618–621.
Gerard, R., Langseth, M. G., and Ewing, M., 1962. Thermal gradient measurements in the water and bottom sediment of the western Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 67, 785–803.
Gosnold, W., and Panda, B., 2002. The Global Heat Flow Database
of the International Heat Flow Commission. www.und/edu/org/
ihfc/index2.html.
Goutorbe, B., and Hillier, J. K., 2013. An integration to optimally
constrain the thermal structure of oceanic lithosphere. Journal
of Geophysical Research, 118, doi:10.1029/2012JB009527
Goutorbe, B., Poort, J., Lucazeau, F., and Raillard, S., 2011. Global
heat flow trends resolved from multiple geological and geophysical proxies. Geophysical Journal International, 187,
1405–1419.
Hasterok, D., 2010. Thermal State of the Oceanic and Continental
Lithosphere. Salt Lake City: University of Utah, PhD thesis,
pp. 156
Hasterok, D., 2013. A heat flow based cooling model for tectonic
plates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 361, 34–43.
Hasterok, D., Chapman, D., and Davis, E., 2011. Oceanic heat flow:
implications for global heat loss. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 311, 386–395.
Hess, H., 1962. History of ocean basins. In Engel, A. E. J., James,
H. L., and Leonard, B. F. (eds.), Petrologic Studies. Boulder:
Geological Society of America, Vol. 4, pp. 599–620.
Hillier, J. K., 2010. Subsidence of ‘normal’ seafloor: Observations
do indicate ‘flattening’. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115,
doi:10.1029/2008JB005994
Hillier, J. K., and Watts, A., 2005. Relationship between depth and
age in the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 110, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003406.
Hofmeister, A., and Criss, R., 2005. Earth’s heat flux revised and
linked to chemistry. Tectonophysics, 395, 159–177.
Horai, K., and Simmons, G., 1969. Thermal conductivity of rockforming minerals. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 6, 359–368.
Hutnak, M., Fisher, A., Harris, R., Stein, C., Wang, K., Spinelli, G.,
Schindler, M., Villinger, H., and Sliver, E., 2008. Large heat and
fluid flux driven through mid-plate outcrops on ocean crust.
Nature Geoscience, 1, 611–614.
Hyndman, R. D., Langseth, M. G., and Von Herzen, R. P., 1984.
Review of Deep sea Drilling Project geothermal measurements
through Leg 71. Initial Report of the Deep Sea Drilling Project,
78B, 813–823.
Jaupart, C., Labrosse, S., and Mareschal, J. C., 2007. Temperature,
heat and energy in the mantle of the earth. In Bercovici, D. (ed.),
Treatise on Geophysics, vol 7: Mantle Convection. Amsterdam:
Elsevier, pp. 253–303.
Jessop, A. M., Hobart, M. A., and Sclater, J. G., 1975. The World
Heat Flow Data Collection. Ottawa: Earth Physics Branch:
Energy, Mines and Resources.
Johnson, P., and Hutnak, N., 1997. Conductive heat loss in recent
eruptions at mid-ocean ridges. Geophysical Research Letters,
24, 3089–3092.
Johnson, P. H., and Carlson, R. L., 1992. Variations of sea floor
depth with age: a test of models based on drilling results. Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 1971–1974.
Kelvin, W. T., 1895. On the age of the earth. Nature, 51, 438–440.
Langseth, M., and Anderson, R., 1979. Correction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 1139–1140.
Lee, W., 1963. Heat flow data analysis. Reviews of Geophysics, 1,
449–479.
Lee, W., 1970. On the global variations in terrestrial heat flow. Physics of Earth and Planetary International, 2, 332–341.
Lee, W., and Uyeda, S., 1965. Review of heat flow data. In Lee,
W. (ed.), Terrestrial Heat Flow. Washington: American Geophysical Union. Geophysical monograph 8, pp. 87–100.
Lister, C., 1972. On the thermal balance of a Mid-ocean ridge. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 26,
515–535.
Lister, C., 1979. The pulse-probe method of conductivity measurement. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,
57, 451–461.
Louden, K. E., and Wright, J. A., 1989. Marine heat flow data: a
new compilation of observation and brief review of its analysis.
In Wright, J. A., and Louden, K. E. (eds.), CRC Handbook of
Seafloor Heat Flow. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 3–72.
Marty, J. C., and Cazenave, A., 1989. Regional variations in subsidence rate of oceanic plates: a global analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94(301–315), 1989.
McKenzie, D., 1967. Some remarks on heat flow and gravity anomalies. Journal of Geophysical Research, 72, 6261–6273.
McKenzie, D., Jackson, J., and Priestly, K., 2005. Thermal structure
of oceanic and continental lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 223, 337–349.
Menard, H. W., 1969. Elevation and subsidence of oceanic crust.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 6, 275–284.
Mottl, M., 2003. Partitioning of energy fluxes between midocean
ridge axes at high and low temperature. In Halbach, P., Tuncliffe,
V., and Hein, J. (eds.), Energy and Mass Transfer in Marine. Berlin: Dahlem University Press, pp. 271–286.
Nagihara, S., Lister, C., and Sclater, J., 1996. Reheating of old oceanic lithosphere: deductions from observations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 139, 91–104.
Parker, R., and Oldenburg, D., 1973. Thermal model of ocean
ridges. Nature, 242, 137–139.
Parsons, B., and McKenzie, D., 1978. Mantle convection and the
thermal structure of the lithosphere and the thermal structure of
the lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83,
4485–4496.
Parsons, B., and Sclater, J., 1977. An analysis of the variation of
ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 803–827.
Pettersson, H., 1949. Exploring the bed of the ocean. Nature, 164,
469–470.
Pollack, H., Hurter, S., and Johnson, J., 1993. Heat flow from the
Earth’s interior: analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics, 31, 267–280.
MARINE HEAT FLOW
459
Regional heat flow variations across the sedimented Juan de
Fuca Ridge eastern flank: constraints on lithospheric cooling
and lateral hydrothermal heat transport. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 104, 17675–17688.
Dietz, R. S., 1961. Continent and ocean basin evolution by spreading of the seafloor. Nature, 190, 854–857.
Doin, M., and Fleitout, L., 1996. Thermal evolution of the oceanic
lithosphere: an alternative view. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 142, 121–136.
Elderfield, H., and Schultz, A., 1996. Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal flux and the chemical composition of the ocean. Annual
Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 24, 191–224.
Ewing, M., LePichon, X., and Langseth, M. G., 1966. Crustal structure of the mid-Atlantic ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research,
71, 1611–1636.
Fisher, A. T., Davis, E. E., Hutnak, M., Spiess, V., Zulsdordorff, L.,
Cherakaoul, A., Christiansen, L., Edwards, K., Macdonald, R.,
Vellinger, H., Mottl, M. J., Wheat, C. G., and Becker, K., 2003.
Hydrothermal recharge and discharge across 50 km guided by
seamounts on a young ridge flank. Nature, 421, 618–621.
Gerard, R., Langseth, M. G., and Ewing, M., 1962. Thermal gradient measurements in the water and bottom sediment of the western Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 67, 785–803.
Gosnold, W., and Panda, B., 2002. The Global Heat Flow Database
of the International Heat Flow Commission. www.und/edu/org/
ihfc/index2.html.
Goutorbe, B., and Hillier, J. K., 2013. An integration to optimally
constrain the thermal structure of oceanic lithosphere. Journal
of Geophysical Research, 118, doi:10.1029/2012JB009527
Goutorbe, B., Poort, J., Lucazeau, F., and Raillard, S., 2011. Global
heat flow trends resolved from multiple geological and geophysical proxies. Geophysical Journal International, 187,
1405–1419.
Hasterok, D., 2010. Thermal State of the Oceanic and Continental
Lithosphere. Salt Lake City: University of Utah, PhD thesis,
pp. 156
Hasterok, D., 2013. A heat flow based cooling model for tectonic
plates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 361, 34–43.
Hasterok, D., Chapman, D., and Davis, E., 2011. Oceanic heat flow:
implications for global heat loss. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, 311, 386–395.
Hess, H., 1962. History of ocean basins. In Engel, A. E. J., James,
H. L., and Leonard, B. F. (eds.), Petrologic Studies. Boulder:
Geological Society of America, Vol. 4, pp. 599–620.
Hillier, J. K., 2010. Subsidence of ‘normal’ seafloor: Observations
do indicate ‘flattening’. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115,
doi:10.1029/2008JB005994
Hillier, J. K., and Watts, A., 2005. Relationship between depth and
age in the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 110, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003406.
Hofmeister, A., and Criss, R., 2005. Earth’s heat flux revised and
linked to chemistry. Tectonophysics, 395, 159–177.
Horai, K., and Simmons, G., 1969. Thermal conductivity of rockforming minerals. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 6, 359–368.
Hutnak, M., Fisher, A., Harris, R., Stein, C., Wang, K., Spinelli, G.,
Schindler, M., Villinger, H., and Sliver, E., 2008. Large heat and
fluid flux driven through mid-plate outcrops on ocean crust.
Nature Geoscience, 1, 611–614.
Hyndman, R. D., Langseth, M. G., and Von Herzen, R. P., 1984.
Review of Deep sea Drilling Project geothermal measurements
through Leg 71. Initial Report of the Deep Sea Drilling Project,
78B, 813–823.
Jaupart, C., Labrosse, S., and Mareschal, J. C., 2007. Temperature,
heat and energy in the mantle of the earth. In Bercovici, D. (ed.),
Treatise on Geophysics, vol 7: Mantle Convection. Amsterdam:
Elsevier, pp. 253–303.
Jessop, A. M., Hobart, M. A., and Sclater, J. G., 1975. The World
Heat Flow Data Collection. Ottawa: Earth Physics Branch:
Energy, Mines and Resources.
Johnson, P., and Hutnak, N., 1997. Conductive heat loss in recent
eruptions at mid-ocean ridges. Geophysical Research Letters,
24, 3089–3092.
Johnson, P. H., and Carlson, R. L., 1992. Variations of sea floor
depth with age: a test of models based on drilling results. Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 1971–1974.
Kelvin, W. T., 1895. On the age of the earth. Nature, 51, 438–440.
Langseth, M., and Anderson, R., 1979. Correction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 1139–1140.
Lee, W., 1963. Heat flow data analysis. Reviews of Geophysics, 1,
449–479.
Lee, W., 1970. On the global variations in terrestrial heat flow. Physics of Earth and Planetary International, 2, 332–341.
Lee, W., and Uyeda, S., 1965. Review of heat flow data. In Lee,
W. (ed.), Terrestrial Heat Flow. Washington: American Geophysical Union. Geophysical monograph 8, pp. 87–100.
Lister, C., 1972. On the thermal balance of a Mid-ocean ridge. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 26,
515–535.
Lister, C., 1979. The pulse-probe method of conductivity measurement. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,
57, 451–461.
Louden, K. E., and Wright, J. A., 1989. Marine heat flow data: a
new compilation of observation and brief review of its analysis.
In Wright, J. A., and Louden, K. E. (eds.), CRC Handbook of
Seafloor Heat Flow. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 3–72.
Marty, J. C., and Cazenave, A., 1989. Regional variations in subsidence rate of oceanic plates: a global analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94(301–315), 1989.
McKenzie, D., 1967. Some remarks on heat flow and gravity anomalies. Journal of Geophysical Research, 72, 6261–6273.
McKenzie, D., Jackson, J., and Priestly, K., 2005. Thermal structure
of oceanic and continental lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 223, 337–349.
Menard, H. W., 1969. Elevation and subsidence of oceanic crust.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 6, 275–284.
Mottl, M., 2003. Partitioning of energy fluxes between midocean
ridge axes at high and low temperature. In Halbach, P., Tuncliffe,
V., and Hein, J. (eds.), Energy and Mass Transfer in Marine. Berlin: Dahlem University Press, pp. 271–286.
Nagihara, S., Lister, C., and Sclater, J., 1996. Reheating of old oceanic lithosphere: deductions from observations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 139, 91–104.
Parker, R., and Oldenburg, D., 1973. Thermal model of ocean
ridges. Nature, 242, 137–139.
Parsons, B., and McKenzie, D., 1978. Mantle convection and the
thermal structure of the lithosphere and the thermal structure of
the lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83,
4485–4496.
Parsons, B., and Sclater, J., 1977. An analysis of the variation of
ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 803–827.
Pettersson, H., 1949. Exploring the bed of the ocean. Nature, 164,
469–470.
Pollack, H., Hurter, S., and Johnson, J., 1993. Heat flow from the
Earth’s interior: analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics, 31, 267–280.
MARINE HEAT FLOW
459