Cooper, J. A. G., 2007. Temperate coastal environments. In Perry,
C., and Taylor, K. (eds.), Environmental Sedimentology. Malden:
Blackwell Publishing, pp. 263–301.
Davis, R. A., 2013. A new look at barrier-inlet morphodynamics. In:
Kana, T., Michel, J., and Voulgaris, G. (eds.), Journal of Coastal
Research, 69(Special Issue), 1–12.
Davis, R. A., and Hayes, M. O., 1984. What is a wave-dominated
coast? Marine Geology, 60, 313–329.
Duck, R. W., and da Silva, J. F., 2012. Coastal lagoons and their
evolution: a hydromorphological perspective. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 110, 2–14.
Fisher, J. J., 1982. Barrier islands. In Schwartz, M. L. (ed.), The
Encyclopedia of Beaches and Coastal Environments. Hutchinson-Ross Pub. Co., Stroudsberg, PA, XV, 124–133.
Gibeaut, J. C., and Davis, R. A., 1991. Computer simulation modeling of tidal inlets. In Coastal Sediments’91. Seattle: American
Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1389–1403.
Hayes, M. O., 1979. Barrier island morphology as a function of tidal
and wave regime. In Leatherman, S. P. (ed.), Barrier Islands.
New York: Academic, pp. 1–28.
Hayes, M. O., and FitzGerald D. M., 2013. Origin, evolution, and
classification of tidal inlets. Journal of Coastal Research, 69
(Special Issue), 14–33. Proceedings, Symposium in Applied
Coastal Geomorphology to Honor Miles O. Hayes.
Kaplin, P. A., 1982. Lagoon and lagoonal coasts. In Schwartz, M. L.
(ed.), The Encyclopedia of Beaches and Coastal Environments.
Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company. 504.
Kendall, C. G. St. C., and Alsharhan A. S., 2011. Coastal Holocene
carbonates of Abu Dhabi, UAE: depositional setting, geomorphology, and role of cyanobacteria in micritization. International
Association of Sedimentologists. Special Publication, 43,
205–220.
Kjerfve, B., 1986. Comparative oceanography of coastal lagoons. In
Wolfe, D. A. (ed.), Estuarine Variability. Elsevier Oceanography
Series 60. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publications B.V, New
York: Academic, pp. 63–81.
Kjerfve, B., 1994. Coastal lagoons. In Kjerfve, B. (ed.), Coastal
Lagoon Processes. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Elsevier Oceanography Series, 60, 1–8.
Kjerfve, B., and Magill, K. E., 1989. Geographic and hydrodynamic
characteristics of shallow coastal lagoons. Marine Geology, 88,
187–199.
Lucke, J. B., 1934. A theory of evolution of lagoon deposits on
shorelines of emergence. Journal of Geology, 42, 561–584.
Morton, R. A., Ward, G. H., and White, W. A., 2000. Rates of sediment supply and sea-level rise in a large coastal lagoon. Marine
Geology, 167(3–4), 261–284.
Newton, A., et al., 2014. An overview of ecological status, vulnerability and future perspectives of European large shallow,
semi-enclosed coastal systems, lagoons and transitional waters.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 140, 95–122.
Nichols, M., 1989. Sediment accumulation rates and relative
sea-level rise in lagoons. Marine Geology, 88, 201–219.
Nichols, M., and Allen G., 1981. Sedimentary processes in coastal
lagoons. In Coastal Lagoon Research, Present and Future. Proceedings of an UNESCO, IABO Seminar. Beaufort, NC:
UNESCO. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, 33,
27–80.
Nichols, M., and Biggs, R., 1985. Estuaries. In Davis, R. A.,
Jr. (ed.), Coastal Sedimentary Environments. New York:
Springer, pp. 94–175.
Nichols, M., and Boon, J. D., 1994. Sediment transport processes in
coastal lagoons. In Kjerfve, B. (ed.), Coastal Lagoon Processes.
Elsevier Oceanography Series 60. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science
Publications B.V, 60, 157–219.
Oertel, G. F., Kraft, J. C., Kearney, M. S., and Woo, H. J., 1992.
A rational theory for barrier-lagoon development. In Fletcher,
C. H., and Wehmiller, J. F. (eds.), Quaternary Coasts of the
United States. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa,
U.S.A., 48, 77–87.
Osadczuk, A., Musielak, S., and Borówka, R. K., 2007. Why should
the River Odra mouth area not be regarded as an estuary?
A geologist’s point of view. Oceanological and Hydrobiological
Studies, XXXVI(2), 87–99.
Phleger, F.B., 1981. A review of some general features of coastal
lagoons. In Coastal lagoon research, present and future. Proceedings of an UNESCO, IABO Seminar. Beaufort, NC:
UNESCO. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, 33,
7–14.
Skeat, W. W., 1893. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 844 pp.
Tagliapietra, D., Sigovini, M., and Ghirardini, A. V., 2009. A review
of terms and definitions to categorise estuaries, lagoons and
associated environments. Marine and Freshwater Research,
60, 497–509.
Valiela, I., 1995. Marine Ecological Processes, 2nd edn. New York:
Springer.
Widdows, J., and Brinsley, M., 2002. Impact of biotic and abiotic
processes on sediment dynamics and the consequences to the
structure and functioning of the intertidal zone. Journal of Sea
Research, 48, 143–156.
Cross-references
Coasts
Estuary, Estuarine Hydrodynamics
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Marine Evaporites
Marine Sedimentary Basins
Ocean Margin Systems
Reef Coasts
Relative Sea-level (RSL) Cycle
Sea-Level
LAMINATED SEDIMENTS
Alan Kemp
Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre
Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront
Campus, Southampton, UK
Synonyms
Marine varves
Laminated sediments are characterized by the presence of
planar, bed-parallel layers that originate from changes in
particle composition or grain size, with thickness of the
order 1 cm or less. The physical processes involved in
the transport and deposition of sedimentary particles
may produce parallel laminae in sands or silts, but the term
“laminated sediment” is more commonly associated with
the formation of laminae by successive depositional or
“flux” events in hemipelagic or pelagic settings. Such
laminae may be of biogenic origin, formed by the
remains of marine phytoplankton such as diatoms or
coccolithophores, or in marine systems nearer land, may
comprise terrigenous clay and silt particles.
LAMINATED SEDIMENTS
391
C., and Taylor, K. (eds.), Environmental Sedimentology. Malden:
Blackwell Publishing, pp. 263–301.
Davis, R. A., 2013. A new look at barrier-inlet morphodynamics. In:
Kana, T., Michel, J., and Voulgaris, G. (eds.), Journal of Coastal
Research, 69(Special Issue), 1–12.
Davis, R. A., and Hayes, M. O., 1984. What is a wave-dominated
coast? Marine Geology, 60, 313–329.
Duck, R. W., and da Silva, J. F., 2012. Coastal lagoons and their
evolution: a hydromorphological perspective. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 110, 2–14.
Fisher, J. J., 1982. Barrier islands. In Schwartz, M. L. (ed.), The
Encyclopedia of Beaches and Coastal Environments. Hutchinson-Ross Pub. Co., Stroudsberg, PA, XV, 124–133.
Gibeaut, J. C., and Davis, R. A., 1991. Computer simulation modeling of tidal inlets. In Coastal Sediments’91. Seattle: American
Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1389–1403.
Hayes, M. O., 1979. Barrier island morphology as a function of tidal
and wave regime. In Leatherman, S. P. (ed.), Barrier Islands.
New York: Academic, pp. 1–28.
Hayes, M. O., and FitzGerald D. M., 2013. Origin, evolution, and
classification of tidal inlets. Journal of Coastal Research, 69
(Special Issue), 14–33. Proceedings, Symposium in Applied
Coastal Geomorphology to Honor Miles O. Hayes.
Kaplin, P. A., 1982. Lagoon and lagoonal coasts. In Schwartz, M. L.
(ed.), The Encyclopedia of Beaches and Coastal Environments.
Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company. 504.
Kendall, C. G. St. C., and Alsharhan A. S., 2011. Coastal Holocene
carbonates of Abu Dhabi, UAE: depositional setting, geomorphology, and role of cyanobacteria in micritization. International
Association of Sedimentologists. Special Publication, 43,
205–220.
Kjerfve, B., 1986. Comparative oceanography of coastal lagoons. In
Wolfe, D. A. (ed.), Estuarine Variability. Elsevier Oceanography
Series 60. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publications B.V, New
York: Academic, pp. 63–81.
Kjerfve, B., 1994. Coastal lagoons. In Kjerfve, B. (ed.), Coastal
Lagoon Processes. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Elsevier Oceanography Series, 60, 1–8.
Kjerfve, B., and Magill, K. E., 1989. Geographic and hydrodynamic
characteristics of shallow coastal lagoons. Marine Geology, 88,
187–199.
Lucke, J. B., 1934. A theory of evolution of lagoon deposits on
shorelines of emergence. Journal of Geology, 42, 561–584.
Morton, R. A., Ward, G. H., and White, W. A., 2000. Rates of sediment supply and sea-level rise in a large coastal lagoon. Marine
Geology, 167(3–4), 261–284.
Newton, A., et al., 2014. An overview of ecological status, vulnerability and future perspectives of European large shallow,
semi-enclosed coastal systems, lagoons and transitional waters.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 140, 95–122.
Nichols, M., 1989. Sediment accumulation rates and relative
sea-level rise in lagoons. Marine Geology, 88, 201–219.
Nichols, M., and Allen G., 1981. Sedimentary processes in coastal
lagoons. In Coastal Lagoon Research, Present and Future. Proceedings of an UNESCO, IABO Seminar. Beaufort, NC:
UNESCO. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, 33,
27–80.
Nichols, M., and Biggs, R., 1985. Estuaries. In Davis, R. A.,
Jr. (ed.), Coastal Sedimentary Environments. New York:
Springer, pp. 94–175.
Nichols, M., and Boon, J. D., 1994. Sediment transport processes in
coastal lagoons. In Kjerfve, B. (ed.), Coastal Lagoon Processes.
Elsevier Oceanography Series 60. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science
Publications B.V, 60, 157–219.
Oertel, G. F., Kraft, J. C., Kearney, M. S., and Woo, H. J., 1992.
A rational theory for barrier-lagoon development. In Fletcher,
C. H., and Wehmiller, J. F. (eds.), Quaternary Coasts of the
United States. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), Tulsa,
U.S.A., 48, 77–87.
Osadczuk, A., Musielak, S., and Borówka, R. K., 2007. Why should
the River Odra mouth area not be regarded as an estuary?
A geologist’s point of view. Oceanological and Hydrobiological
Studies, XXXVI(2), 87–99.
Phleger, F.B., 1981. A review of some general features of coastal
lagoons. In Coastal lagoon research, present and future. Proceedings of an UNESCO, IABO Seminar. Beaufort, NC:
UNESCO. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, 33,
7–14.
Skeat, W. W., 1893. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 844 pp.
Tagliapietra, D., Sigovini, M., and Ghirardini, A. V., 2009. A review
of terms and definitions to categorise estuaries, lagoons and
associated environments. Marine and Freshwater Research,
60, 497–509.
Valiela, I., 1995. Marine Ecological Processes, 2nd edn. New York:
Springer.
Widdows, J., and Brinsley, M., 2002. Impact of biotic and abiotic
processes on sediment dynamics and the consequences to the
structure and functioning of the intertidal zone. Journal of Sea
Research, 48, 143–156.
Cross-references
Coasts
Estuary, Estuarine Hydrodynamics
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Marine Evaporites
Marine Sedimentary Basins
Ocean Margin Systems
Reef Coasts
Relative Sea-level (RSL) Cycle
Sea-Level
LAMINATED SEDIMENTS
Alan Kemp
Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre
Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront
Campus, Southampton, UK
Synonyms
Marine varves
Laminated sediments are characterized by the presence of
planar, bed-parallel layers that originate from changes in
particle composition or grain size, with thickness of the
order 1 cm or less. The physical processes involved in
the transport and deposition of sedimentary particles
may produce parallel laminae in sands or silts, but the term
“laminated sediment” is more commonly associated with
the formation of laminae by successive depositional or
“flux” events in hemipelagic or pelagic settings. Such
laminae may be of biogenic origin, formed by the
remains of marine phytoplankton such as diatoms or
coccolithophores, or in marine systems nearer land, may
comprise terrigenous clay and silt particles.
LAMINATED SEDIMENTS
391