Gillis, K. M., Snow, J. E., Klaus, A., Abe, N., Adrião, Á. B.,
Akizawa, N., Ceuleneer, G., Cheadle, M. J., Faak, K., Falloon,
T. J., Friedman, S. A., Godard, M., Guerin, G., Harigane, Y.,
Horst, A. J., Hoshide, T., Ildefonse, B., Jean, M. M., John,
B. E., Koepke, J., Machi, S., Maeda, J., Marks, N. E., McCaig,
A. M., Meyer, R., Morris, A., Nozaka, T., Python, M., Saha,
A., and Wintsch, R. P., 2014. Primitive layered gabbros from
fast-spreading lower oceanic crust. Nature, 505, 204–207,
doi:10.1038/nature12778.
Goss, A. R., Perfit, M. R., Ridley, W. I., Rubie, K. H., Kamenov,
G. D., Soule, S. A., Fundis, A., and Fornari, D. J., 2010. Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005–2006 eruption at the East
Pacific Rise, 9
46
0 N-9
56
0 N: implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 11, Q05T09, doi:10.1029/
2009GC002977.
Hale, L. D., Morton, C. J., and Sleep, N. H., 1982. Reinterpretation
of seismic reflection data over the East Pacific Rise. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 87, 7707–7717, doi:10.1029/
JB087iB09p07707.
Henstock, T. J., Woods, A. W., and White, R. S., 1993. The accretion of oceanic crust by episodic sill intrusion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 4143–4161, doi:10.1029/92JB02661.
Hooft, E. E. E., Detrick, R. S., and Kent, G. M., 1997. Seismic structure and indicators of magma budget along the southern East
Pacific Rise. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102,
27319–27340, doi:10.1029/97JB02349.
Ildefonse, B., Blackman, D. K., John, B. E., Ohara, Y., Miller, D. J.,
MacLeod, C. J., and IODP Expeditions 304/305 Science Party,
2007. Oceanic core complexes and crustal accretion at slowspreading ridges. Geology, 35, 623–626, doi:10.1130/
G23531A.1.
Ildefonse, B., Abe, N., Godard, M., Morris, A., Teagle, D.A.H., and
Umino, S., 2014. Formation and evolution of oceanic lithosphere: new insights on crustal structure and igneous chemistry
from ODP/IODP Sites 1256, U1309 and U1415. In Stein, R.,
Blackman, D., Inagaki, F., and Larsen H.-C. (eds.), Earth and life
processes discovered from subseafloor environments, a decade
of science achieved by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
(IODP). Developments in Marine Geology, 7, 449–505.
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62617-2.00017-7.
Karson, J. A., Thompson, G., Humphris, S. E., Edmond, J. M.,
Bryan, W. B., Brown, J. R., Winters, A. T., Pockalny, R. A.,
Casey, J. F., Campbell, A. C., Klinkhammer, G., Palmer,
M. R., Kinzler, R. J., and Sulanowska, M. M., 1987. Along-axis
variations in seafloor spreading in the MARK area. Nature, 328,
681–685, doi:10.1038/328681a0.
Kelemen, P. B., Koga, K., and Shimizu, N., 1997. Geochemistry of
gabbro sills in the crust-mantle transition zone of the Oman
ophiolite: implications for the origin of the oceanic lower crust.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 146, 475–488,
doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00235-X.
Kelemen, P. B., Kikawa, E., Miller, D. J., and Shipboard Scientific
Party, 2007. Leg 209 summary: processes in a 20-km-thick conductive boundary layer beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
14
–16
N. In Kelemen, P. B., Kikawa, E., and Miller, D. J.
(eds.), Proceedings of the ODP, Science Results. College Station
(Ocean Drilling Program), Vol. 209, pp. 1–33, doi:10.2973/odp.
proc.sr.209.001.2007.
Kent, G. M., Harding, A. J., Orcutt, J. A., Detrick, R. S., Mutter,
J. C., and Buhl, P., 1994. Uniform accretion of oceanic crust
south of the Garrett transform at 14
15
0 S on the East Pacific
Rise. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 9097–9116,
doi:10.1029/93JB02872.
Lagabrielle, Y., Vitale-Brovarone, A., and Ildefonse, B., 2015. Fossil oceanic core complexes recognized in the blueschist
metaophiolites of Western Alps and Corsica. Earth-Science
Reviews, 141, 1–26, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.004.
Macdonald, K. C., Fox, P. J., Perram, L. J., Eisen, M. F., Haymon,
R. M., Miller, S. P., Carbotte, S. M., Cormier, M. H., and Shor,
A. N., 1988. A new view of the mid-ocean ridge from the behaviour of ridge-axis discontinuities. Nature, 335, 217–225,
doi:10.1038/335217a0.
Maclennan, J., Hulme, T., and Singh, S. C., 2005. Cooling of the
lower oceanic crust. Geology, 33, 357–366, doi:10.1130/
G21207.1.
MacLeod, C. J., Searle, R. C., Murton, B. J., Casey, J. F., Mallows,
C., Unsworth, S. C., Achenbach, K. L., and Harris, M., 2009.
Life cycle of oceanic core complexes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 287, 333–344, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.016.
Marjanović, M., Carbotte, S. M., Carton, H., Nedimović, M. R.,
Mutter, J. C., and Canales, J. P., 2014. A multi-sill magma
plumbing system beneath the axis of the East Pacific Rise.
Nature Geoscience, 7, 825–829, doi:10.1038/ngeo2272.
McCaig, A. M., and Harris, M., 2012. Hydrothermal circulation and
the dike-gabbro transition in the detachment mode of slow seafloor spreading. Geology, 40, 367–370, doi:10.1130/G32789.1.
Morton, J. L., and Sleep, N. H., 1985. Seismic reflections from a
Lau Basin magma chamber. In Schol, D. W., and Vallier, T. L.
(eds.), Geology and Offshore Resources of Pacific Island ArcsTonga Region. Houston: Circum-Pacific Council for Energy
and Mineral Resources. Earth Science Series, Vol.
2, pp. 441–453.
Pallister, J. S., and Hopson, C. A., 1981. Samail ophiolite plutonic
suite: field relations, phase variation, cryptic variation and
layering, and a model of a spreading ridge magma chamber.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 2593–2644,
doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02593.
Phipps Morgan, J., and Chen, Y. J., 1993. The genesis of oceanic
crust: magma injection, hydrothermal circulation, and crustal
flow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 6283–6297,
doi:10.1029/92JB02650.
Sauter, D., Cannat, M., Rouméjon, S., Andreani, M., Birot, D.,
Bronner, A., Brunelli, D., Carlut, J., Delacour, A., Guyader, V.,
MacLeod, C. J., Manatschal, G., Mendel, V., Ménez, B., Pasini,
V., Ruellan, É., and Searle, R., 2013. Continuous exhumation of
mantle-derived rocks at the Southwest Indian Ridge for 11 million years. Nature Geoscience, 6, 314–320, doi:10.1038/
ngeo1771.
Singh, S. C., Kent, G. M., Collier, J. S., Harding, A. J., and Orcutt,
J. A., 1998. Melt to mush variations in crustal magma properties
along the ridge crest at the southern East Pacific Rise. Nature,
394, 874–878, doi:10.1038/29740.
Singh, S. C., Crawford, W. C., Carton, H., Seher, T., Combier, V.,
Cannat, M., Pablo Canales, J., Dusunur, D., Escartín, J., and
Miguel Miranda, J., 2006. Discovery of a magma chamber and
faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field. Nature,
442, 1029–1032, doi:10.1038/nature05105.
Sinton, J. M., and Detrick, R. S., 1992. Mid-ocean ridge magma
chambers. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 197–216,
doi:10.1029/91JB02508.
Sleep, N. H., 1975. Formation of oceanic crust: some thermal constraints. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80, 4037–4042,
doi:10.1029/JB080i029p04037.
Teagle, D. A. H., Ildefonse, B., Blum, P., and the Expedition
335 Scientists, 2012. Proceeding of the IODP. Integrated Ocean
Drilling Program Management International, Inc., Tokyo, Vol.
335, doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.335.2012.
Tucholke, B. E., Lin, J., and Kleinrock, M. C., 1998. Megamullions
and mullion structure defining oceanic metamorphic core complexes on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 103, 9857–9866, doi:10.1029/98JB00167.
136
CRUSTAL ACCRETION
Akizawa, N., Ceuleneer, G., Cheadle, M. J., Faak, K., Falloon,
T. J., Friedman, S. A., Godard, M., Guerin, G., Harigane, Y.,
Horst, A. J., Hoshide, T., Ildefonse, B., Jean, M. M., John,
B. E., Koepke, J., Machi, S., Maeda, J., Marks, N. E., McCaig,
A. M., Meyer, R., Morris, A., Nozaka, T., Python, M., Saha,
A., and Wintsch, R. P., 2014. Primitive layered gabbros from
fast-spreading lower oceanic crust. Nature, 505, 204–207,
doi:10.1038/nature12778.
Goss, A. R., Perfit, M. R., Ridley, W. I., Rubie, K. H., Kamenov,
G. D., Soule, S. A., Fundis, A., and Fornari, D. J., 2010. Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005–2006 eruption at the East
Pacific Rise, 9
46
0 N-9
56
0 N: implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 11, Q05T09, doi:10.1029/
2009GC002977.
Hale, L. D., Morton, C. J., and Sleep, N. H., 1982. Reinterpretation
of seismic reflection data over the East Pacific Rise. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 87, 7707–7717, doi:10.1029/
JB087iB09p07707.
Henstock, T. J., Woods, A. W., and White, R. S., 1993. The accretion of oceanic crust by episodic sill intrusion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 4143–4161, doi:10.1029/92JB02661.
Hooft, E. E. E., Detrick, R. S., and Kent, G. M., 1997. Seismic structure and indicators of magma budget along the southern East
Pacific Rise. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102,
27319–27340, doi:10.1029/97JB02349.
Ildefonse, B., Blackman, D. K., John, B. E., Ohara, Y., Miller, D. J.,
MacLeod, C. J., and IODP Expeditions 304/305 Science Party,
2007. Oceanic core complexes and crustal accretion at slowspreading ridges. Geology, 35, 623–626, doi:10.1130/
G23531A.1.
Ildefonse, B., Abe, N., Godard, M., Morris, A., Teagle, D.A.H., and
Umino, S., 2014. Formation and evolution of oceanic lithosphere: new insights on crustal structure and igneous chemistry
from ODP/IODP Sites 1256, U1309 and U1415. In Stein, R.,
Blackman, D., Inagaki, F., and Larsen H.-C. (eds.), Earth and life
processes discovered from subseafloor environments, a decade
of science achieved by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
(IODP). Developments in Marine Geology, 7, 449–505.
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62617-2.00017-7.
Karson, J. A., Thompson, G., Humphris, S. E., Edmond, J. M.,
Bryan, W. B., Brown, J. R., Winters, A. T., Pockalny, R. A.,
Casey, J. F., Campbell, A. C., Klinkhammer, G., Palmer,
M. R., Kinzler, R. J., and Sulanowska, M. M., 1987. Along-axis
variations in seafloor spreading in the MARK area. Nature, 328,
681–685, doi:10.1038/328681a0.
Kelemen, P. B., Koga, K., and Shimizu, N., 1997. Geochemistry of
gabbro sills in the crust-mantle transition zone of the Oman
ophiolite: implications for the origin of the oceanic lower crust.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 146, 475–488,
doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00235-X.
Kelemen, P. B., Kikawa, E., Miller, D. J., and Shipboard Scientific
Party, 2007. Leg 209 summary: processes in a 20-km-thick conductive boundary layer beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
14
–16
N. In Kelemen, P. B., Kikawa, E., and Miller, D. J.
(eds.), Proceedings of the ODP, Science Results. College Station
(Ocean Drilling Program), Vol. 209, pp. 1–33, doi:10.2973/odp.
proc.sr.209.001.2007.
Kent, G. M., Harding, A. J., Orcutt, J. A., Detrick, R. S., Mutter,
J. C., and Buhl, P., 1994. Uniform accretion of oceanic crust
south of the Garrett transform at 14
15
0 S on the East Pacific
Rise. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 9097–9116,
doi:10.1029/93JB02872.
Lagabrielle, Y., Vitale-Brovarone, A., and Ildefonse, B., 2015. Fossil oceanic core complexes recognized in the blueschist
metaophiolites of Western Alps and Corsica. Earth-Science
Reviews, 141, 1–26, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.004.
Macdonald, K. C., Fox, P. J., Perram, L. J., Eisen, M. F., Haymon,
R. M., Miller, S. P., Carbotte, S. M., Cormier, M. H., and Shor,
A. N., 1988. A new view of the mid-ocean ridge from the behaviour of ridge-axis discontinuities. Nature, 335, 217–225,
doi:10.1038/335217a0.
Maclennan, J., Hulme, T., and Singh, S. C., 2005. Cooling of the
lower oceanic crust. Geology, 33, 357–366, doi:10.1130/
G21207.1.
MacLeod, C. J., Searle, R. C., Murton, B. J., Casey, J. F., Mallows,
C., Unsworth, S. C., Achenbach, K. L., and Harris, M., 2009.
Life cycle of oceanic core complexes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 287, 333–344, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.016.
Marjanović, M., Carbotte, S. M., Carton, H., Nedimović, M. R.,
Mutter, J. C., and Canales, J. P., 2014. A multi-sill magma
plumbing system beneath the axis of the East Pacific Rise.
Nature Geoscience, 7, 825–829, doi:10.1038/ngeo2272.
McCaig, A. M., and Harris, M., 2012. Hydrothermal circulation and
the dike-gabbro transition in the detachment mode of slow seafloor spreading. Geology, 40, 367–370, doi:10.1130/G32789.1.
Morton, J. L., and Sleep, N. H., 1985. Seismic reflections from a
Lau Basin magma chamber. In Schol, D. W., and Vallier, T. L.
(eds.), Geology and Offshore Resources of Pacific Island ArcsTonga Region. Houston: Circum-Pacific Council for Energy
and Mineral Resources. Earth Science Series, Vol.
2, pp. 441–453.
Pallister, J. S., and Hopson, C. A., 1981. Samail ophiolite plutonic
suite: field relations, phase variation, cryptic variation and
layering, and a model of a spreading ridge magma chamber.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 2593–2644,
doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02593.
Phipps Morgan, J., and Chen, Y. J., 1993. The genesis of oceanic
crust: magma injection, hydrothermal circulation, and crustal
flow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 6283–6297,
doi:10.1029/92JB02650.
Sauter, D., Cannat, M., Rouméjon, S., Andreani, M., Birot, D.,
Bronner, A., Brunelli, D., Carlut, J., Delacour, A., Guyader, V.,
MacLeod, C. J., Manatschal, G., Mendel, V., Ménez, B., Pasini,
V., Ruellan, É., and Searle, R., 2013. Continuous exhumation of
mantle-derived rocks at the Southwest Indian Ridge for 11 million years. Nature Geoscience, 6, 314–320, doi:10.1038/
ngeo1771.
Singh, S. C., Kent, G. M., Collier, J. S., Harding, A. J., and Orcutt,
J. A., 1998. Melt to mush variations in crustal magma properties
along the ridge crest at the southern East Pacific Rise. Nature,
394, 874–878, doi:10.1038/29740.
Singh, S. C., Crawford, W. C., Carton, H., Seher, T., Combier, V.,
Cannat, M., Pablo Canales, J., Dusunur, D., Escartín, J., and
Miguel Miranda, J., 2006. Discovery of a magma chamber and
faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field. Nature,
442, 1029–1032, doi:10.1038/nature05105.
Sinton, J. M., and Detrick, R. S., 1992. Mid-ocean ridge magma
chambers. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 197–216,
doi:10.1029/91JB02508.
Sleep, N. H., 1975. Formation of oceanic crust: some thermal constraints. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80, 4037–4042,
doi:10.1029/JB080i029p04037.
Teagle, D. A. H., Ildefonse, B., Blum, P., and the Expedition
335 Scientists, 2012. Proceeding of the IODP. Integrated Ocean
Drilling Program Management International, Inc., Tokyo, Vol.
335, doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.335.2012.
Tucholke, B. E., Lin, J., and Kleinrock, M. C., 1998. Megamullions
and mullion structure defining oceanic metamorphic core complexes on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 103, 9857–9866, doi:10.1029/98JB00167.
136
CRUSTAL ACCRETION