322
R.H. Charlier and Chr. P. De Meyer
McLachlan, A. & Erasmus, T. (eds), Sandy beaches as ecosystems : The Hague,
W. Junk.
National Research Council, 1990, Managing coastal erosion I : Washington, DC
Nat. Ac. Sci., 182 pp.
Nordstrom, K.F. & Alien, J.R., 1980, Geomorphologically compatible solutions to
beach erosion : Zeit. f Geomorph. Suppl. 34, 142-154.
Paskoff, R. 1991, Principes de d6fense des plages contre l'6rosion de lamer : Act.
Coll. "Droit-Littoral-Mer", Univ. Nantes, Fac. Droit & Sci. Pol. 35-48.
Pilarczyk, K ;, 1990, Coastalprotection : Rotterdam, Balkema 500 pp.
Pilkey, O.H. & Wright, H.L. III, 1990, Seawalls versus beaches : J. Coast. Res. 6,
1, III-VII.
Rossi G., 1989, L'trosion de littoral dans le Golfe du Btnin : un exemple de
perturbation morphodynamique :Zeit.f Geomorph. Suppl. 73, 139-165.
7
Littoral Dunes
In the discussion of the dune-beach system, the authors have made no effort to
examine the different types or shapes of littoral dunes. Be it sufficient to mention
that generally the following types are identified, not implying, of course, that all
types are encountered in all sites : basic or elementary dunes, edge or border
dunes, free dunes, and impeded dunes (in humid mesothermal climates).
Hydraulic dunes or sub-marine dunes form occasionally underwater nearshore.
Dunes can be longitudinal, transversal, parabolic, or are barkhanes. Fixed or
anchored dunes remain in place, because they are covered by a pellicule of
solidified mud, or have been colonized by vegetation. However if the vegetation
dies, the dune will again be subject to deflation. When parabolic dunes get joined,
rake-shaped dunes result ; frontless dunes, resembling ramparts may be called
drawn-out dunes.
R.H. Charlier and Chr. P. De Meyer
McLachlan, A. & Erasmus, T. (eds), Sandy beaches as ecosystems : The Hague,
W. Junk.
National Research Council, 1990, Managing coastal erosion I : Washington, DC
Nat. Ac. Sci., 182 pp.
Nordstrom, K.F. & Alien, J.R., 1980, Geomorphologically compatible solutions to
beach erosion : Zeit. f Geomorph. Suppl. 34, 142-154.
Paskoff, R. 1991, Principes de d6fense des plages contre l'6rosion de lamer : Act.
Coll. "Droit-Littoral-Mer", Univ. Nantes, Fac. Droit & Sci. Pol. 35-48.
Pilarczyk, K ;, 1990, Coastalprotection : Rotterdam, Balkema 500 pp.
Pilkey, O.H. & Wright, H.L. III, 1990, Seawalls versus beaches : J. Coast. Res. 6,
1, III-VII.
Rossi G., 1989, L'trosion de littoral dans le Golfe du Btnin : un exemple de
perturbation morphodynamique :Zeit.f Geomorph. Suppl. 73, 139-165.
7
Littoral Dunes
In the discussion of the dune-beach system, the authors have made no effort to
examine the different types or shapes of littoral dunes. Be it sufficient to mention
that generally the following types are identified, not implying, of course, that all
types are encountered in all sites : basic or elementary dunes, edge or border
dunes, free dunes, and impeded dunes (in humid mesothermal climates).
Hydraulic dunes or sub-marine dunes form occasionally underwater nearshore.
Dunes can be longitudinal, transversal, parabolic, or are barkhanes. Fixed or
anchored dunes remain in place, because they are covered by a pellicule of
solidified mud, or have been colonized by vegetation. However if the vegetation
dies, the dune will again be subject to deflation. When parabolic dunes get joined,
rake-shaped dunes result ; frontless dunes, resembling ramparts may be called
drawn-out dunes.