IV. Retreating Shorelines
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During this reshaping process material of the dune is deposited on the near
foreshore to flatten the profile. No material is lost. Due to accretion and erosion,
the position of the beach and the foot of the dune is changing continually.
Different phenomena occur if in this erratical process the underlying trend is
accretion, erosion, or dynamic equilibrium.
Dune losses may be reduced by plantations and brushwood fences. Low cliffs may
be walled, high cliffs'toes walled or riprap placed in front of it.