Preface
The aim of this book is to present for non-specialist researchers and experts a comprehensive overview of the background, key ideas, basic methods, implementation
details and a selection of solutions offered by the novel technology for the optimization of the location of dangerous offshore activities in terms of environmental
criteria that was developed in the framework of the BONUS cooperation.
The first part of the collection introduces the basic principles of ocean modelling
and depicts the long way from the generic principles to the practical modelling of
oil spills and propagation of other adverse impacts. The second part focuses on the
techniques for solving the inverse problem of quantification of offshore areas with
respect to their ability to serve as a source of environmental danger to vulnerable
regions.
The book first presents an overview of the essential features of the hydrography,
the functioning and the key properties of the dynamics of circulation and currents
of the major implementation area—the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland. The basic principles of Eulerian modelling of 3D currents are introduced in terms of both
generic concepts and specific implementation for the circulation modelling. This is
complemented by an overview of the differences in circulation model implementations for other potential target areas (such as the Mediterranean or the Black Sea)
and of the limitations of circulation models when it comes to operational modelling
of adverse impacts, e.g., oil spills, and specific features of operational and/or oil
spill modelling.
The basic element of the technology—Lagrangian trajectories of adverse impacts
in the marine environment—is presented mostly from the viewpoint of their calculation from Eulerian information about marine currents. The relevant modelling
efforts are complemented with results from the very first long-term experiments
with Lagrangian drifters in the surface and subsurface layers of the Baltic Sea and
the Gulf of Finland. Statistical analysis of properties of large pools of data about
Lagrangian transport is applied for approximately solving the inverse problem of
pollution propagation. This approach is a feasible way for a systematic quantification of the offshore areas in terms of the potential of current-induced transport of
adverse impacts (released in these areas) to vulnerable domains. The maps characxi
The aim of this book is to present for non-specialist researchers and experts a comprehensive overview of the background, key ideas, basic methods, implementation
details and a selection of solutions offered by the novel technology for the optimization of the location of dangerous offshore activities in terms of environmental
criteria that was developed in the framework of the BONUS cooperation.
The first part of the collection introduces the basic principles of ocean modelling
and depicts the long way from the generic principles to the practical modelling of
oil spills and propagation of other adverse impacts. The second part focuses on the
techniques for solving the inverse problem of quantification of offshore areas with
respect to their ability to serve as a source of environmental danger to vulnerable
regions.
The book first presents an overview of the essential features of the hydrography,
the functioning and the key properties of the dynamics of circulation and currents
of the major implementation area—the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland. The basic principles of Eulerian modelling of 3D currents are introduced in terms of both
generic concepts and specific implementation for the circulation modelling. This is
complemented by an overview of the differences in circulation model implementations for other potential target areas (such as the Mediterranean or the Black Sea)
and of the limitations of circulation models when it comes to operational modelling
of adverse impacts, e.g., oil spills, and specific features of operational and/or oil
spill modelling.
The basic element of the technology—Lagrangian trajectories of adverse impacts
in the marine environment—is presented mostly from the viewpoint of their calculation from Eulerian information about marine currents. The relevant modelling
efforts are complemented with results from the very first long-term experiments
with Lagrangian drifters in the surface and subsurface layers of the Baltic Sea and
the Gulf of Finland. Statistical analysis of properties of large pools of data about
Lagrangian transport is applied for approximately solving the inverse problem of
pollution propagation. This approach is a feasible way for a systematic quantification of the offshore areas in terms of the potential of current-induced transport of
adverse impacts (released in these areas) to vulnerable domains. The maps characxi