112
H.E.M. Meier and A. Höglund
Table 4.1 Model parameters and forcing data sets used in the RCO model. Details are explained
in the text
Abbreviation
Parameter
Value
φ, λ
Horizontal grid resolution
2 , 4 (about 2 nautical miles)
z
Vertical grid resolution
3 m
t
Baroclinic time step
150 s
H max
Maximum depth (83 levels)
249 m
ρ = ρ(T , S, p)
Equation of state
Gill (1982)
A M
Horizontal viscosity
2 × 10 2 m 2 /s
A H
Horizontal diffusivity
0
c μ
Turbulence parameter
0.09
c ε1
Turbulence parameter
1.44
c ε2
Turbulence parameter
1.92
c ε3
Turbulence parameter
0 (stable) and 1 (unstable)
σ k
Prandtl number
1
σ ε
Prandtl number
1.3
σ t
Richardson number dependent
Prandtl number
Blanke and Delecluse (1993)
R SW
Penetration of short-wave
radiation
0.64
ζ 1
Extinction length
1.78 m
ζ 2
Extinction length
3.26 m
c B
Bottom drag coefficient
0.5 × 10 −3
τ
Wind stress
Large and Pond (1981)
Q S
Sensible heat flux
Large and Pond (1982)
Q L
Latent heat flux
Large and Pond (1982)
Q LW↓
Long-wave incoming radiation
Bodin (1979)
Q LW↑
Long-wave outgoing radiation
Stefan Boltzmann’s law
Q SW
Incoming solar radiation
Bodin (1979)
T , S
Initial conditions
Observed profiles at monitoring stations
(Meier et al. 2003)
T a , U 10 , P , . . .
Atmospheric forcing
Three-hourly atmosphere variables
calculated with a regional atmosphere
model (Höglund et al. 2009; Meier et al.
2011)
R
Runoff
Monthly mean runoff from 29 rivers
(Bergström and Carlsson 1994)
ζ
Sea level in the Kattegat
Daily mean sea level at Smögen (Meier
and Kauker 2003)
5. two-dimensional (2D) forcing fields of atmospheric parameters to calculate the
surface fluxes of heat, momentum and matter, and river discharge representing
the total runoff from the Baltic Sea catchment area.
H.E.M. Meier and A. Höglund
Table 4.1 Model parameters and forcing data sets used in the RCO model. Details are explained
in the text
Abbreviation
Parameter
Value
φ, λ
Horizontal grid resolution
2 , 4 (about 2 nautical miles)
z
Vertical grid resolution
3 m
t
Baroclinic time step
150 s
H max
Maximum depth (83 levels)
249 m
ρ = ρ(T , S, p)
Equation of state
Gill (1982)
A M
Horizontal viscosity
2 × 10 2 m 2 /s
A H
Horizontal diffusivity
0
c μ
Turbulence parameter
0.09
c ε1
Turbulence parameter
1.44
c ε2
Turbulence parameter
1.92
c ε3
Turbulence parameter
0 (stable) and 1 (unstable)
σ k
Prandtl number
1
σ ε
Prandtl number
1.3
σ t
Richardson number dependent
Prandtl number
Blanke and Delecluse (1993)
R SW
Penetration of short-wave
radiation
0.64
ζ 1
Extinction length
1.78 m
ζ 2
Extinction length
3.26 m
c B
Bottom drag coefficient
0.5 × 10 −3
τ
Wind stress
Large and Pond (1981)
Q S
Sensible heat flux
Large and Pond (1982)
Q L
Latent heat flux
Large and Pond (1982)
Q LW↓
Long-wave incoming radiation
Bodin (1979)
Q LW↑
Long-wave outgoing radiation
Stefan Boltzmann’s law
Q SW
Incoming solar radiation
Bodin (1979)
T , S
Initial conditions
Observed profiles at monitoring stations
(Meier et al. 2003)
T a , U 10 , P , . . .
Atmospheric forcing
Three-hourly atmosphere variables
calculated with a regional atmosphere
model (Höglund et al. 2009; Meier et al.
2011)
R
Runoff
Monthly mean runoff from 29 rivers
(Bergström and Carlsson 1994)
ζ
Sea level in the Kattegat
Daily mean sea level at Smögen (Meier
and Kauker 2003)
5. two-dimensional (2D) forcing fields of atmospheric parameters to calculate the
surface fluxes of heat, momentum and matter, and river discharge representing
the total runoff from the Baltic Sea catchment area.