34
R.K. Turner . B. T. Bower
namic and "open system" nature of coastal zones' analysis for planning and management has to encompass multiple regions i.e. politically designated management area,
ecological areas and socio-economic demand areas, the boundaries of which rarely, if
ever, coincide.
The benefits of ICZM, which take a variety of forms, can be demonstrated by comparing a coastal resources management strategy"without ICZM"versus a management
strategy "with ICZM". The net benefits of ICZM are then represented by the difference
between the two "states of the world" in a given coastal area. Human perception of the
nature, extent and severity of a problem or risk of a problem, conditions responses and
adaptive behaviour. It is therefore a key variable in implementation of ICZM and hence
in the achievement of net benefits of ICZM.
References
Anonymous (1996) Bay cleanup threatened by area growth. Washington Post, 19th Iune pE2
Barbi~r EB (1989) The economic value of ecosystems: Tropical wetlands. LEEC Gatekeeper 89-02, London Environmental Economic Centre, London
Barbier EB (1993) Economics and ecology. Chapman and Hall, London PK
Billen G et al. (1995) Global Change in nutrient transfer from land to sea: Biogeochemical processes in
river systems. Belgian Global Change Programme, final report, SEE, Brussels
Blankenship K (1995) Detroit and Toronto meet the Bay. Bay Iournal5:l:l,4-7
Bower BT, Turner RK (1997) Characterising and analysing benefits from integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). CSERGE Working Paper, University of East Anglia, Norwich and University College London
Cohen M et al. (1995) Quantitative estimation of the entry of dioxins, furans and hexachlorabenzene
into the Great Lakes from airborne and waterborne sources. Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY
Ehler CN, Bower BT (1995) Toward a common framework for integrated coastal zone management.
Coastal Zone 95 "Spotlight on Solutions" Conference, Tampa, FL
Fradkin PL (1981) A river no more. Alfred A. Knopf, New York
Gray I (1997) Environmental science and a precautionary approach revisted. Marine Pollution Bulletin
32 (7):532-534
Stone GW, Grymes 1M III, Armbruster IP, XU and Huh OK (1996) Researchers study impact of hurricane Opal on florida coast. EOS 77:19-181
Turner RK (1988) Wetlands conservation: Economics and ethics. In: Collard D et al. (eds) Economics,
growth and sustainable environments. Macmillan, London
Turner RK, Bower BT (1995) The benefits of integrated coastal zone management. Coastal Zone 95 "Spotlight on Solutions" C<;Inference, Tampa, FL
Turner RK, Subak S, Adger N (1996) Pressures, trends, and impacts in coastal zones: Interactions between socio-economic and natural systems. Environmental Management 20: 159-173
Turner RK, Georgiou S et al. (1997a) Managing nutrient fluxes and pollution in the Baltic: An interdisciplinary approach. CSERGE Working Paper, University of East Anglia, Norwich and University College London
Turner RK, Perrings C, Folke C (1997b) Ecological economics: Paradigm or perspective. In: Berg I van
den, Strutten I van der (eds) Economy and ecosystems in change: Analytical and historical approaches. Edward Elgar, Aldershot
R.K. Turner . B. T. Bower
namic and "open system" nature of coastal zones' analysis for planning and management has to encompass multiple regions i.e. politically designated management area,
ecological areas and socio-economic demand areas, the boundaries of which rarely, if
ever, coincide.
The benefits of ICZM, which take a variety of forms, can be demonstrated by comparing a coastal resources management strategy"without ICZM"versus a management
strategy "with ICZM". The net benefits of ICZM are then represented by the difference
between the two "states of the world" in a given coastal area. Human perception of the
nature, extent and severity of a problem or risk of a problem, conditions responses and
adaptive behaviour. It is therefore a key variable in implementation of ICZM and hence
in the achievement of net benefits of ICZM.
References
Anonymous (1996) Bay cleanup threatened by area growth. Washington Post, 19th Iune pE2
Barbi~r EB (1989) The economic value of ecosystems: Tropical wetlands. LEEC Gatekeeper 89-02, London Environmental Economic Centre, London
Barbier EB (1993) Economics and ecology. Chapman and Hall, London PK
Billen G et al. (1995) Global Change in nutrient transfer from land to sea: Biogeochemical processes in
river systems. Belgian Global Change Programme, final report, SEE, Brussels
Blankenship K (1995) Detroit and Toronto meet the Bay. Bay Iournal5:l:l,4-7
Bower BT, Turner RK (1997) Characterising and analysing benefits from integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). CSERGE Working Paper, University of East Anglia, Norwich and University College London
Cohen M et al. (1995) Quantitative estimation of the entry of dioxins, furans and hexachlorabenzene
into the Great Lakes from airborne and waterborne sources. Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY
Ehler CN, Bower BT (1995) Toward a common framework for integrated coastal zone management.
Coastal Zone 95 "Spotlight on Solutions" Conference, Tampa, FL
Fradkin PL (1981) A river no more. Alfred A. Knopf, New York
Gray I (1997) Environmental science and a precautionary approach revisted. Marine Pollution Bulletin
32 (7):532-534
Stone GW, Grymes 1M III, Armbruster IP, XU and Huh OK (1996) Researchers study impact of hurricane Opal on florida coast. EOS 77:19-181
Turner RK (1988) Wetlands conservation: Economics and ethics. In: Collard D et al. (eds) Economics,
growth and sustainable environments. Macmillan, London
Turner RK, Bower BT (1995) The benefits of integrated coastal zone management. Coastal Zone 95 "Spotlight on Solutions" C<;Inference, Tampa, FL
Turner RK, Subak S, Adger N (1996) Pressures, trends, and impacts in coastal zones: Interactions between socio-economic and natural systems. Environmental Management 20: 159-173
Turner RK, Georgiou S et al. (1997a) Managing nutrient fluxes and pollution in the Baltic: An interdisciplinary approach. CSERGE Working Paper, University of East Anglia, Norwich and University College London
Turner RK, Perrings C, Folke C (1997b) Ecological economics: Paradigm or perspective. In: Berg I van
den, Strutten I van der (eds) Economy and ecosystems in change: Analytical and historical approaches. Edward Elgar, Aldershot