CHAPTER 1 • Principles and Benefits of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (lCZM)
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• Partial valuation analysis: of given ecosystems, their functions and valued outputs,
normally requiring extensive spatial analysis; and
• Total valuation analysis: of a defined and perhaps very extensive coastal marine area,
sometimes with its coupled terrestrial drainage basin.
All the valuation work must be underpinned by sound natural science. Such an integrated assessment in the coastal zone should be guided by the following basic analytical rules:
• Problem orientation
Any assessment should take account of the prevailing political economy context,
equity issues and possible "stakeholder" interests. Data limitations must be acknowledged and recommendations made conditional upon these.
• Typology
A useful common terminology regards functions as relationships within and
between natural systems; uses refer to use, potential use, and nonuse interactions
between human and natural systems; and values refer to assessment of human preferences for a range of natural or non-natural "objects" and attributes - see Fig. 1.8.
• Thresholds
These relate to the scale and frequency of impacts. Their occurrence can be presented in a simple three part classification: no disceniible effects; discernible effects;
discernible effects that influence economic welfare.
• Economic valuation
Three broad approaches to a valuation exercise: impact assessment; partial analysis; and total valuation. For each function or impact, a number of techniques exist
for attributing economic value to environmental benefits.
• Scale
The drainage network should be the spatial unit for assessing ecological variables,
with possible zonation within this. In terms of benefit estimation, the minimum scale
is determined by the relevant population affected by any impacts. Temporal scale of
analysis is also fundamentally important.
• Transferability
Transferring scientific results across sites is required for global scaling but transfer
of some economic benefits is problematic. Accuracy of benefits transfer may be
improved if based on scientific variables divided into separate components depending on processes, functions, and "state variables".
1.7
Steps in Estimating ICZM Net Benefits
Operationally, the following are the basic steps in estimating net ICZM benefit:
1. Define the problems in quantitative terms. This typically involves developing various physical-chemical-biological relationships, e.g. pollutant discharge-water quality
relationships, dose-response functions, environmental conditions-species response
relationships, damage vs. intensity of storm relationships, level of water quality vs.
water intake treatment costs.
31
• Partial valuation analysis: of given ecosystems, their functions and valued outputs,
normally requiring extensive spatial analysis; and
• Total valuation analysis: of a defined and perhaps very extensive coastal marine area,
sometimes with its coupled terrestrial drainage basin.
All the valuation work must be underpinned by sound natural science. Such an integrated assessment in the coastal zone should be guided by the following basic analytical rules:
• Problem orientation
Any assessment should take account of the prevailing political economy context,
equity issues and possible "stakeholder" interests. Data limitations must be acknowledged and recommendations made conditional upon these.
• Typology
A useful common terminology regards functions as relationships within and
between natural systems; uses refer to use, potential use, and nonuse interactions
between human and natural systems; and values refer to assessment of human preferences for a range of natural or non-natural "objects" and attributes - see Fig. 1.8.
• Thresholds
These relate to the scale and frequency of impacts. Their occurrence can be presented in a simple three part classification: no disceniible effects; discernible effects;
discernible effects that influence economic welfare.
• Economic valuation
Three broad approaches to a valuation exercise: impact assessment; partial analysis; and total valuation. For each function or impact, a number of techniques exist
for attributing economic value to environmental benefits.
• Scale
The drainage network should be the spatial unit for assessing ecological variables,
with possible zonation within this. In terms of benefit estimation, the minimum scale
is determined by the relevant population affected by any impacts. Temporal scale of
analysis is also fundamentally important.
• Transferability
Transferring scientific results across sites is required for global scaling but transfer
of some economic benefits is problematic. Accuracy of benefits transfer may be
improved if based on scientific variables divided into separate components depending on processes, functions, and "state variables".
1.7
Steps in Estimating ICZM Net Benefits
Operationally, the following are the basic steps in estimating net ICZM benefit:
1. Define the problems in quantitative terms. This typically involves developing various physical-chemical-biological relationships, e.g. pollutant discharge-water quality
relationships, dose-response functions, environmental conditions-species response
relationships, damage vs. intensity of storm relationships, level of water quality vs.
water intake treatment costs.