372
B. Glaeser
ranking list shows the provincial government (lansstyrelsen), land/water right owners, part-time residents, neighbourhood associations and mussel farmers on top and
the Nordic Council and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
at the bottom (Ellegard 1998a).
A related media survey explored the press coverage of mussel culture with respect
to different aspects. In the view on mussels, as presented by selected Swedish print
media, the "food connection" is by far the strongest. It represents 52% of the articles
identified. As a comparison, environmental issues were mentioned in 19% of the cases,
poetry/archeology in 12% and tourism in 5%. The positive or at least neutral view on
mussels is overwhelming in relation to negative connotations. The environmental
message is mixed: Close to 50% of the texts deal with environmental degradation, warnings and alerts (Ellegard 1998b).
'All aquaculture in Sweden, independent of size, requires a permit under the Fisheries
Act, which governs the risk of fish diseases being introduced and the transfer of fish and
shellfish. The act falls under the authority of the county administrative board. If the
operation is to produce more than 10 t the farmer submits an application to the county
administrative board for regulation under the Natural Resources Management Act and
for consideration of a permit application under the Fisheries Act, the Environment Protection Act and the Nature Conservation Act. A permit from the county administrative
board will include detailed conditions regarding the development. A decision under
the Environment Protection Act must be compatible with existing local plans. The operator must pay a fee for the application, currently SEK 100 per tonne. If the operation
will be producing less than 10 t, it is merely necessary to notify the municipality. Aquaculture operations other than fish farms (e.g. mussel farms) follow the same application procedure but the Environment Protection Act is not involved. The county administrative board informs the municipality of the application (Ackefors and Grip 1995).
The investigation of institutional conditions for coastal zone management and decision making capacity have not yet produced concrete results. The same holds true
for the development of participatory tools in physical planning, its implementation and
enforcement. Bio-economic models for Swedish fisheries are to provide an economic
base for policy decisions.
19.6
Conclusions
Interdisciplinarity and integration is the major thrust of the SUCOZOMA program.
The 12 projects represent three major areas of research: coastal management, eutrophication and fisheries. The projects were originally assembled as scientifically promising and socially relevant research fields, represented by individually outstanding researchers, with coastal fisheries and eutrophication as the core. The social science,
human ecology, and management oriented projects were included to provide the program with an integrative principle. It was agreed and it is necessary that all projects
work toward a common goal, a socially and environmentally sustainable coast
(cf. Glaeser and Grahm 1998).
It is foreseeable that with mounting population pressures and increasing competition for sites for development and access to resources in coastal regions throughout
the world there will be an increasing incidence.of conflicts between different forms of
B. Glaeser
ranking list shows the provincial government (lansstyrelsen), land/water right owners, part-time residents, neighbourhood associations and mussel farmers on top and
the Nordic Council and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
at the bottom (Ellegard 1998a).
A related media survey explored the press coverage of mussel culture with respect
to different aspects. In the view on mussels, as presented by selected Swedish print
media, the "food connection" is by far the strongest. It represents 52% of the articles
identified. As a comparison, environmental issues were mentioned in 19% of the cases,
poetry/archeology in 12% and tourism in 5%. The positive or at least neutral view on
mussels is overwhelming in relation to negative connotations. The environmental
message is mixed: Close to 50% of the texts deal with environmental degradation, warnings and alerts (Ellegard 1998b).
'All aquaculture in Sweden, independent of size, requires a permit under the Fisheries
Act, which governs the risk of fish diseases being introduced and the transfer of fish and
shellfish. The act falls under the authority of the county administrative board. If the
operation is to produce more than 10 t the farmer submits an application to the county
administrative board for regulation under the Natural Resources Management Act and
for consideration of a permit application under the Fisheries Act, the Environment Protection Act and the Nature Conservation Act. A permit from the county administrative
board will include detailed conditions regarding the development. A decision under
the Environment Protection Act must be compatible with existing local plans. The operator must pay a fee for the application, currently SEK 100 per tonne. If the operation
will be producing less than 10 t, it is merely necessary to notify the municipality. Aquaculture operations other than fish farms (e.g. mussel farms) follow the same application procedure but the Environment Protection Act is not involved. The county administrative board informs the municipality of the application (Ackefors and Grip 1995).
The investigation of institutional conditions for coastal zone management and decision making capacity have not yet produced concrete results. The same holds true
for the development of participatory tools in physical planning, its implementation and
enforcement. Bio-economic models for Swedish fisheries are to provide an economic
base for policy decisions.
19.6
Conclusions
Interdisciplinarity and integration is the major thrust of the SUCOZOMA program.
The 12 projects represent three major areas of research: coastal management, eutrophication and fisheries. The projects were originally assembled as scientifically promising and socially relevant research fields, represented by individually outstanding researchers, with coastal fisheries and eutrophication as the core. The social science,
human ecology, and management oriented projects were included to provide the program with an integrative principle. It was agreed and it is necessary that all projects
work toward a common goal, a socially and environmentally sustainable coast
(cf. Glaeser and Grahm 1998).
It is foreseeable that with mounting population pressures and increasing competition for sites for development and access to resources in coastal regions throughout
the world there will be an increasing incidence.of conflicts between different forms of