Chapter 18
Management of Tokyo Bay
K. Takao . B.T. Bower
18.1
Introduction
Tokyo Bay is a relatively small body of water, slightly less than 1000 km 2 in its inner
bay area, and surrounded by the metropolitan area comprised of Metropolitan Tokyo
and the prefectures of Kanagawa and Chiba. The bay and the surrounding area are
shown in Fig. 18.1. This metropolitan area had a population of 26.5 million residents
in 1994 and is the largest urban agglomeration in the world.
The area along the coast of Tokyo Bay is the most highly concentrated industrial
area of the world, particularly specialized in so-called heavy industries, e.g., iron and
steel, petroleum refining, petrochemicals, rubber, nonferrous metals, shipyards, and
power plants. The capacity of iron and steel production of the bay area, for instance, is
equivalent to France's capacity of the same industry.
The Japanese model of coastal industrial development, typically seen in Tokyo Bay,
is being followed by an increasing number of Asian and other developing countries.
Their export oriented industries of manufactured goods typically take advantage of
the low cost of marine transport, i.e., raw materials for their manufacturing processes
are imported cheaply and their products are exported immediately from adjacent ports.
The result of such urban and industrial development is ever increasing pressures on coastal
resources, leading to increasing conflicts among different uses of the water. The case study
described herein, done in the mid-1980s, focuses on three facets of the uses of Tokyo Bay:
1. The evolution of the mix of uses of the bay over time;
2. Analysis of alternative futures to shed light on the net benefits to society with alternative management strategies; and
3. Possible institutional arrangements for the decision-making for management of the bay.
The last involves analysis of the existing institutional structure and how it might be
changed in order to include:
a a wider range of options and outputs, and
b broader participation in decision processes.
18.1.1
Brief History
Until the end of the 16th century, the Kanto Plain, which consists of a large portion of
the catchment of Tokyo Bay, was essentially an underdeveloped area, although the foot-
Management of Tokyo Bay
K. Takao . B.T. Bower
18.1
Introduction
Tokyo Bay is a relatively small body of water, slightly less than 1000 km 2 in its inner
bay area, and surrounded by the metropolitan area comprised of Metropolitan Tokyo
and the prefectures of Kanagawa and Chiba. The bay and the surrounding area are
shown in Fig. 18.1. This metropolitan area had a population of 26.5 million residents
in 1994 and is the largest urban agglomeration in the world.
The area along the coast of Tokyo Bay is the most highly concentrated industrial
area of the world, particularly specialized in so-called heavy industries, e.g., iron and
steel, petroleum refining, petrochemicals, rubber, nonferrous metals, shipyards, and
power plants. The capacity of iron and steel production of the bay area, for instance, is
equivalent to France's capacity of the same industry.
The Japanese model of coastal industrial development, typically seen in Tokyo Bay,
is being followed by an increasing number of Asian and other developing countries.
Their export oriented industries of manufactured goods typically take advantage of
the low cost of marine transport, i.e., raw materials for their manufacturing processes
are imported cheaply and their products are exported immediately from adjacent ports.
The result of such urban and industrial development is ever increasing pressures on coastal
resources, leading to increasing conflicts among different uses of the water. The case study
described herein, done in the mid-1980s, focuses on three facets of the uses of Tokyo Bay:
1. The evolution of the mix of uses of the bay over time;
2. Analysis of alternative futures to shed light on the net benefits to society with alternative management strategies; and
3. Possible institutional arrangements for the decision-making for management of the bay.
The last involves analysis of the existing institutional structure and how it might be
changed in order to include:
a a wider range of options and outputs, and
b broader participation in decision processes.
18.1.1
Brief History
Until the end of the 16th century, the Kanto Plain, which consists of a large portion of
the catchment of Tokyo Bay, was essentially an underdeveloped area, although the foot-