222
S. Ramachandran
an area of about 8249 km 2 • Sixteen national parks covering an area of about 36157 ha
have been established for the protection and preservation of various unique rare species of plants and animals. The marine national park at Wando or covers an area of
28150 ha and is located at 11°22' -11°36 'N lat. and 92°30 ' -92°40 'E long. The marine faunal diversity at Andaman and Nicobar islands is given in Table 1104The environmental issues are removal of sand and dead corals from beach for construction and deforestation of mangroves for developmental activities (Ramachandran 1997).
11.6
Fisheries Management
The existing Indian Fisheries Act was passed in 1897 and later amended in 1927 and in
198\!l' The objectives of these legislations are:
a to prohibit the use of dynamite in all waters within its jurisdiction,
b the prohibition or regulation of the use of fixed engines for the capture of fish and
construction of weirs,
c the prohibition or regulation of the use of nets with a mesh below a minimum size,
d the prohibition or regulation of the capture of OR sale of all or any kinds of fish
during any closed season,
e the total close of any water for a period not exceeding 2 rules thereunder,
f vesting with the government the exclusive privilege over chanks and chank fisheries.
However, in spite of all these regulations because of their non-implementation, the
fisheries management is not so effective. Other than these regulations no management
policies are practised. Consequently, the economical and social benefits derived from
the coastal fisheries are significantly lower than they could be, if more effective fisheries management measures were implemented. A national fisheries management policy
involving the stakeholders must be evolved. Some of the immediate requirements are
improving the education and living conditions of the fishermen. The fishery activity
should be promoted for the sustainable living of the fishermen, through improved
infrastructural facilities, training in modern technologies and participatory management approaches.
11.7
Research and Development Programmes
The Department of Environment and Forests and the Department of Ocean Development of Government of India are the two nodal departments that have initiated several sponsored research programmes in the country involving the various governmental, academic and research institutions. Notable among them are the following: Nationally coordinated projects initiated and funded by Department of Ocean Development
(DOD 1997).
• Marine Satellite Information Services (MARSIS). This programme was initiated in
1990 to develop capabilities for utilising remote sensing data of ocean and coastal
S. Ramachandran
an area of about 8249 km 2 • Sixteen national parks covering an area of about 36157 ha
have been established for the protection and preservation of various unique rare species of plants and animals. The marine national park at Wando or covers an area of
28150 ha and is located at 11°22' -11°36 'N lat. and 92°30 ' -92°40 'E long. The marine faunal diversity at Andaman and Nicobar islands is given in Table 1104The environmental issues are removal of sand and dead corals from beach for construction and deforestation of mangroves for developmental activities (Ramachandran 1997).
11.6
Fisheries Management
The existing Indian Fisheries Act was passed in 1897 and later amended in 1927 and in
198\!l' The objectives of these legislations are:
a to prohibit the use of dynamite in all waters within its jurisdiction,
b the prohibition or regulation of the use of fixed engines for the capture of fish and
construction of weirs,
c the prohibition or regulation of the use of nets with a mesh below a minimum size,
d the prohibition or regulation of the capture of OR sale of all or any kinds of fish
during any closed season,
e the total close of any water for a period not exceeding 2 rules thereunder,
f vesting with the government the exclusive privilege over chanks and chank fisheries.
However, in spite of all these regulations because of their non-implementation, the
fisheries management is not so effective. Other than these regulations no management
policies are practised. Consequently, the economical and social benefits derived from
the coastal fisheries are significantly lower than they could be, if more effective fisheries management measures were implemented. A national fisheries management policy
involving the stakeholders must be evolved. Some of the immediate requirements are
improving the education and living conditions of the fishermen. The fishery activity
should be promoted for the sustainable living of the fishermen, through improved
infrastructural facilities, training in modern technologies and participatory management approaches.
11.7
Research and Development Programmes
The Department of Environment and Forests and the Department of Ocean Development of Government of India are the two nodal departments that have initiated several sponsored research programmes in the country involving the various governmental, academic and research institutions. Notable among them are the following: Nationally coordinated projects initiated and funded by Department of Ocean Development
(DOD 1997).
• Marine Satellite Information Services (MARSIS). This programme was initiated in
1990 to develop capabilities for utilising remote sensing data of ocean and coastal