CHAPTER 10 • Developing and Strategy for an ICZM in Cuba: Bases and Principles
205
tected Areas, Toxic Chemicals, Implementation of CITES, Biodiversity Protection, and
Climate Change.
10.3.7
International Activity
In the international field, among others, Cuba has ratified the following important international environmental treaties related directly or indirectly to coastal and marine
protection:
• Convention on the High Seas, Geneva, 1958;
• International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil
Pollution Casualties. Brussels, 1969;
• Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Paris, 1972;
• Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other
Matter. London, 1972;
• Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna
(CITES). Washington, 1973;
• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).
London, 1973-1978;
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Montego Bay, 1982;
• Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment in the
Wider Caribbean Region, Cartagena de Indias, 1983;
• Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985;
• Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1987;
• Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes
and their Disposal. Basel, 1989;
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Rio de Janeiro, 1992. Representation in
the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advise (SBSTTA);
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). New York, 1992;
• Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States. Bridgetown, 1994;
• United Nations Agreement on Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. New
York, 1995;
• FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Rome, 1995;
• Global Programme of Action to prevent, reduce and control marine pollution from
land-based activities. Washington, 1995.
10.3.8
Facing the Climatic Changes
Being Cuba an island, with wide coastal plains and because of its geographic position,
is very vulnerable to climatic phenomena, specially storms and hurricanes as well as
to sea level rises.
A national group was created since 1991, made up by institutions related to the causes,
processes and effects of the increase in atmospheric temperature, which has been assessing and identifying measures to be applied in Q,rder to mitigate this problem.
205
tected Areas, Toxic Chemicals, Implementation of CITES, Biodiversity Protection, and
Climate Change.
10.3.7
International Activity
In the international field, among others, Cuba has ratified the following important international environmental treaties related directly or indirectly to coastal and marine
protection:
• Convention on the High Seas, Geneva, 1958;
• International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil
Pollution Casualties. Brussels, 1969;
• Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Paris, 1972;
• Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other
Matter. London, 1972;
• Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna
(CITES). Washington, 1973;
• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).
London, 1973-1978;
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Montego Bay, 1982;
• Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment in the
Wider Caribbean Region, Cartagena de Indias, 1983;
• Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985;
• Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1987;
• Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes
and their Disposal. Basel, 1989;
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Rio de Janeiro, 1992. Representation in
the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advise (SBSTTA);
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). New York, 1992;
• Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States. Bridgetown, 1994;
• United Nations Agreement on Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. New
York, 1995;
• FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Rome, 1995;
• Global Programme of Action to prevent, reduce and control marine pollution from
land-based activities. Washington, 1995.
10.3.8
Facing the Climatic Changes
Being Cuba an island, with wide coastal plains and because of its geographic position,
is very vulnerable to climatic phenomena, specially storms and hurricanes as well as
to sea level rises.
A national group was created since 1991, made up by institutions related to the causes,
processes and effects of the increase in atmospheric temperature, which has been assessing and identifying measures to be applied in Q,rder to mitigate this problem.