124
A.J. Underwood . M.G. Chapman
References
Agrawal A (1995) Dismantling the divide between indigenous and scientific knowledge. Develop Change
26:413-439
Bacon F (1620) Novum organum. 1889 Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 629
Baird D, Marais JFK, Wooldridge T (1981) The influence of a marina canal system on the ecology of me
Kromme estuary, St Francis bay. S Afr J ZOOI16: 21-34
Berents P (1993) Homebush Bay pilot study: wetlands and benthos. Australian Museum, Sydney
Bernstein BB, Zalinski J (1983) An optimum sampling design and power tests for environmental biologists. J Env Manage 16:335-43
Borowitzka MA (1972) Intertidal algal species diversity and the effect of pollution. Aust J Mar Freshwat
Res 23:73-84
Botkin DB (1990) Discordant harmonies: a new ecology for me twenty-first century. Oxford University
Press, New York
Bradshaw AD (1987) Restoration: an acid test for ecology. In: Jordan WR, Gilpin ME, Aber JD (eds) Restoration ecology: a synthetic approach to ecological research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
pp 23-2 9
Brinson MM, Rheinhardt R (1996) The role of reference wetlands in functional assessment and mitigation. Ecol AppI6:69-76
Cairnes L (1996) Interim Australian natural heritage charter for the conservation of places of natural
heritage significance. Fathom Consulting, Sydney
Cairns J, McCormick PV, Niederlehner BR (1993) A proposed framework for developing indicators of
ecosystem health. Hydrobiologia 263=1-44
Carlton JT, Vermeij GJ, Lindberg DR, Carlton DA, Dudley EC (1991) The first historical extinction of a
marine invertebrate in an ocean basin: the demise of the eelgrass limpet Lottia alveus. BioI Bull Mar
BioI Lab 180:72-80
Castilla JC, Duran LR (1985) Human exclusion from me rocky intertidal zone of central Chile: me effects of Concholepas concholepas (Gastropoda). Oikos 45:391-399
Castilla JC, Bustamante RH (1989) Human exclusion from rocky intertidal of las Cruces, central Chile:
effects on Durvillaea antarctica (Phaeophyta, Durvilleales). Mar Ecol Progr Ser 50:203-214
Caughley GJ (1994) Directions in conservation biology. J Anim EcoI63:215-244
Caughley GJ, Gunn A (1996) Conservation biology in meory and practice. Blackwell Science, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
Chapman MG (1996) Scientific and community roles in intertidal conservation. In: Hale P,Lamb D(eds)
Conservation outside nature reserves. University of Queenlsand, Brisbane, pp 249-254
Chapman MG, Underwood AJ (1997a) Concepts and issues in restoration of mangrove forests in urban
environments. In: Klomp N, Lunt I (eds) Frontiers in ecology. Elsevier Science, Oxford, pp 103-114
Chapman MG, UnderwoodAJ (1997b) Testing the effectiveness ofintertidal protected areas in New South
Wales. Institute of Marine Ecology, University of Sydney
Chapman MG, UnderwoodAJ, Skilleter GA (1995) Variability at different spatial scales between a subtidal
assemblage exposed to the discharge of sewage and two control assemblages. J Exp Mar BioI
EcoI189:103-122
Coe WR (1956) Fluctuations in populations of littoral marine invertebrates. J Mar Res 15:212-232
Conklin H (1954) An ethno-ecological approach to shifting agriculture. Trans NY Acad Sci 77:133-142
Connell JH (1985) The consequences of variation in initial settlement versus post-settlement mortality
in rocky intertidal communities. J Exp Mar BioI EcoI93:11-46
Connor EF, Simberloff D (1986) Competition, scientific method and null models in ecology. Am Sci
75=155-162
Dayton PK (1971) Competition, disturbance and community organization: me provision and subsequent
utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community. Ecol Monogr 41:351-389
Dayton PK (1984) Processes structuring some matrine communities: are they general? In: Strong DR,
Simberloff D, Abele LG, Thistle A (eds) Ecological communities: conceptual issues and the evidence.
Princeton University Press, New Jersey, pp 181-197
DEST (1997) National heritage trust: coast and clean seas program. Department of Environment, Sport
and Territories, Canberra
Duran LR, Castilla Je, Oliva D (1987) Intensity of human predation on rocky shores at Las Cruces in
Central Chile. Environ Conserv 14:143-149
Eliot W (1985) Implementing mitigation policies in San Francisco Bay: A critique. State Coastal Conservancy, California
Fairweather PG (1990) Sewage and the biota on seashores: Assessment of impact in relation to natural
variability. Environ Monit Assess 14:197-210
A.J. Underwood . M.G. Chapman
References
Agrawal A (1995) Dismantling the divide between indigenous and scientific knowledge. Develop Change
26:413-439
Bacon F (1620) Novum organum. 1889 Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 629
Baird D, Marais JFK, Wooldridge T (1981) The influence of a marina canal system on the ecology of me
Kromme estuary, St Francis bay. S Afr J ZOOI16: 21-34
Berents P (1993) Homebush Bay pilot study: wetlands and benthos. Australian Museum, Sydney
Bernstein BB, Zalinski J (1983) An optimum sampling design and power tests for environmental biologists. J Env Manage 16:335-43
Borowitzka MA (1972) Intertidal algal species diversity and the effect of pollution. Aust J Mar Freshwat
Res 23:73-84
Botkin DB (1990) Discordant harmonies: a new ecology for me twenty-first century. Oxford University
Press, New York
Bradshaw AD (1987) Restoration: an acid test for ecology. In: Jordan WR, Gilpin ME, Aber JD (eds) Restoration ecology: a synthetic approach to ecological research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
pp 23-2 9
Brinson MM, Rheinhardt R (1996) The role of reference wetlands in functional assessment and mitigation. Ecol AppI6:69-76
Cairnes L (1996) Interim Australian natural heritage charter for the conservation of places of natural
heritage significance. Fathom Consulting, Sydney
Cairns J, McCormick PV, Niederlehner BR (1993) A proposed framework for developing indicators of
ecosystem health. Hydrobiologia 263=1-44
Carlton JT, Vermeij GJ, Lindberg DR, Carlton DA, Dudley EC (1991) The first historical extinction of a
marine invertebrate in an ocean basin: the demise of the eelgrass limpet Lottia alveus. BioI Bull Mar
BioI Lab 180:72-80
Castilla JC, Duran LR (1985) Human exclusion from me rocky intertidal zone of central Chile: me effects of Concholepas concholepas (Gastropoda). Oikos 45:391-399
Castilla JC, Bustamante RH (1989) Human exclusion from rocky intertidal of las Cruces, central Chile:
effects on Durvillaea antarctica (Phaeophyta, Durvilleales). Mar Ecol Progr Ser 50:203-214
Caughley GJ (1994) Directions in conservation biology. J Anim EcoI63:215-244
Caughley GJ, Gunn A (1996) Conservation biology in meory and practice. Blackwell Science, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
Chapman MG (1996) Scientific and community roles in intertidal conservation. In: Hale P,Lamb D(eds)
Conservation outside nature reserves. University of Queenlsand, Brisbane, pp 249-254
Chapman MG, Underwood AJ (1997a) Concepts and issues in restoration of mangrove forests in urban
environments. In: Klomp N, Lunt I (eds) Frontiers in ecology. Elsevier Science, Oxford, pp 103-114
Chapman MG, UnderwoodAJ (1997b) Testing the effectiveness ofintertidal protected areas in New South
Wales. Institute of Marine Ecology, University of Sydney
Chapman MG, UnderwoodAJ, Skilleter GA (1995) Variability at different spatial scales between a subtidal
assemblage exposed to the discharge of sewage and two control assemblages. J Exp Mar BioI
EcoI189:103-122
Coe WR (1956) Fluctuations in populations of littoral marine invertebrates. J Mar Res 15:212-232
Conklin H (1954) An ethno-ecological approach to shifting agriculture. Trans NY Acad Sci 77:133-142
Connell JH (1985) The consequences of variation in initial settlement versus post-settlement mortality
in rocky intertidal communities. J Exp Mar BioI EcoI93:11-46
Connor EF, Simberloff D (1986) Competition, scientific method and null models in ecology. Am Sci
75=155-162
Dayton PK (1971) Competition, disturbance and community organization: me provision and subsequent
utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community. Ecol Monogr 41:351-389
Dayton PK (1984) Processes structuring some matrine communities: are they general? In: Strong DR,
Simberloff D, Abele LG, Thistle A (eds) Ecological communities: conceptual issues and the evidence.
Princeton University Press, New Jersey, pp 181-197
DEST (1997) National heritage trust: coast and clean seas program. Department of Environment, Sport
and Territories, Canberra
Duran LR, Castilla Je, Oliva D (1987) Intensity of human predation on rocky shores at Las Cruces in
Central Chile. Environ Conserv 14:143-149
Eliot W (1985) Implementing mitigation policies in San Francisco Bay: A critique. State Coastal Conservancy, California
Fairweather PG (1990) Sewage and the biota on seashores: Assessment of impact in relation to natural
variability. Environ Monit Assess 14:197-210