CHAPTER 4 • Methods and Tools to Support CZM
85
4.6.3.3
System Architecture
The system applies the so-called toaster model, a shell in which the functional modules are embedded. The shell consists of the following components:
• User interface for communication with the users;
• Data management interface to handle external data input and output;
• Coupling modules for internal data handling.
The components of the shell can be visualized as three sides of a toaster, the dedicated modules fit in between these sides as sandwiches in a toaster. Schematically, the
system\ set up is shown in Fig. 4.6a and b.
4.7
Human Resources Development and Technology Transfer
4.7.1
General
Human resources development is essential, in order to prepare the ground for a successful implementation of CZM techniques and tools. In many instances human resources development will involve technology transfer. Technology transfer implies the
development of knowledge and skills of the receiving country, through education, training and the supply of tools to both individuals and organisations.
It should be emphasized that these constituent elements should be applied in an integrated fashion. This is further outlined in the next section. Moreover, the various elements should be properly phased as will be further explained in the fmal section of
this chapter.
'
4.7.2
Scope of Technology Transfer
The objective of technology transfer is to strengthen the capabilities of institutions
and individuals to solve problems independently. As stated above the Pressure State
Response diagram is used to analyse the problems and to define appropriate solutions.
Any technology transfer program should use this approach as a starting point, therefore.
A simplified generic model for technology transfer, based upon the PSR diagram is
shown in Fig. 4.7a. The left part of the figure shows the problem analysis phase, which
corresponds to the top of the PSR diagram~ Project signifies a description of the CZM
objectives, problem stands for the description of the management issues in terms of
pressures and impacts whilst fmally process refers to the processes which determine
the effects of these impacts on the environment.
The right part shows the problem solving phase, which corresponds to the lower
part of the PSR diagram. Knowledge stands for the understanding of the governing
processes and the ability to describe them in a tangible format. Solution methods are
85
4.6.3.3
System Architecture
The system applies the so-called toaster model, a shell in which the functional modules are embedded. The shell consists of the following components:
• User interface for communication with the users;
• Data management interface to handle external data input and output;
• Coupling modules for internal data handling.
The components of the shell can be visualized as three sides of a toaster, the dedicated modules fit in between these sides as sandwiches in a toaster. Schematically, the
system\ set up is shown in Fig. 4.6a and b.
4.7
Human Resources Development and Technology Transfer
4.7.1
General
Human resources development is essential, in order to prepare the ground for a successful implementation of CZM techniques and tools. In many instances human resources development will involve technology transfer. Technology transfer implies the
development of knowledge and skills of the receiving country, through education, training and the supply of tools to both individuals and organisations.
It should be emphasized that these constituent elements should be applied in an integrated fashion. This is further outlined in the next section. Moreover, the various elements should be properly phased as will be further explained in the fmal section of
this chapter.
'
4.7.2
Scope of Technology Transfer
The objective of technology transfer is to strengthen the capabilities of institutions
and individuals to solve problems independently. As stated above the Pressure State
Response diagram is used to analyse the problems and to define appropriate solutions.
Any technology transfer program should use this approach as a starting point, therefore.
A simplified generic model for technology transfer, based upon the PSR diagram is
shown in Fig. 4.7a. The left part of the figure shows the problem analysis phase, which
corresponds to the top of the PSR diagram~ Project signifies a description of the CZM
objectives, problem stands for the description of the management issues in terms of
pressures and impacts whilst fmally process refers to the processes which determine
the effects of these impacts on the environment.
The right part shows the problem solving phase, which corresponds to the lower
part of the PSR diagram. Knowledge stands for the understanding of the governing
processes and the ability to describe them in a tangible format. Solution methods are