the active support of the geomorphological feature as it shifts and evolves under
the geotemporal vector of sediment availability. Importantly, there is no equilibrium form or dimension to the functioning foredune. It has spatial and temporal
variability. Heterogeneity, therefore, is a characteristic of complete foredune
restoration.
References
Arbogast AF, Hansen EC, Van Oort MD (2002) Reconstructing the geomorphic evolution of
large coastal dunes along the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan. Geomorphology
46:155–241
Bird ECF (1985) Coastline changes: a global review. Wiley, New York, p 219
Borowka M, Rotnicki K (2001) Budget of the eolian sand transport on the sandy barrier beach (a
case study of the Leba Barrier, southern Baltic coast, Poland). Z Geomorphol 45:55–79
Davidson-Arnott RGD (2010) Introduction to coastal processes and geomorphology. Cambridge
University Press, New York, p 442
Davis JH (1956) Influence of man upon coast lines. In: Thomas WH Jr (ed) Man’s role in
changing the face of the earth. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 504–521
De Lillis M, Costanzo L, Bianco PM, Tinelli A (2004) Sustainability of sand dune restoration
along the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. J Coast Conserv 10:93–100
Ehrenfeld JG (2000) Defining the limits of restoration: the need for realistic goals. Restor Ecol
8:2–9
Hesp PA (1989) A review of biological and geomorphological processes involved in the initiation
and development of incipient foredunes. Proc R Soc Edinb B96:181–201
Kauffman JB, Beschta RL, Otting N, Lytjen D (1997) An ecological perspective of riparian and
stream restoration in the western United States. Fisheries 22(5):12–24
Marsh GP (1864) Man and nature: or, physical geography as modified by human action. Scribner,
New York
Nicholls RJ, Wong PP, Burkett VR, Codignotto JO, Hay JE, McLean RF, Ragoonaden S,
Woodroffe CD (2007) Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF,
Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation
and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the
intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
pp 315–356
Nordstrom KF (2008) Beach and dune restoration. Cambridge University Press, New York, p 187
Pendleton EA, Williams SJ, Thieler ER (2004) Coastal vulnerability assessment of Fire Island
National Seashore to sea-level rise. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 03-439. http://
pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-439/index.html
Psuty NP (2004) The coastal foredune: a morphological basis for regional coastal dune
development. In: Martinez ML, Psuty NP (eds) Coastal dunes: ecology and conservation.
Springer, New York, pp 10–27
Psuty NP, Silveira TM (2010) Global climate change: an opportunity for coastal dunes. J Coast
Conserv 14:153–160
Psuty NP, Pace JP, Allen JR (2005) Coastal foredune displacement and recovery, Barrett BeachTalisman, Fire Island, New York. Z Geomorphol Suppl 141:153–168
Sherman DJ, Bauer BO (1993) Dynamics of beach–dune systems. Prog Phys Geogr 17:413–447
Thomas WH Jr (ed) (1956) Man’s role in changing the face of the earth. University of Chicago
Press, Chicago, p 1193
46
N. P. Psuty and T. M. Silveira
the geotemporal vector of sediment availability. Importantly, there is no equilibrium form or dimension to the functioning foredune. It has spatial and temporal
variability. Heterogeneity, therefore, is a characteristic of complete foredune
restoration.
References
Arbogast AF, Hansen EC, Van Oort MD (2002) Reconstructing the geomorphic evolution of
large coastal dunes along the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan. Geomorphology
46:155–241
Bird ECF (1985) Coastline changes: a global review. Wiley, New York, p 219
Borowka M, Rotnicki K (2001) Budget of the eolian sand transport on the sandy barrier beach (a
case study of the Leba Barrier, southern Baltic coast, Poland). Z Geomorphol 45:55–79
Davidson-Arnott RGD (2010) Introduction to coastal processes and geomorphology. Cambridge
University Press, New York, p 442
Davis JH (1956) Influence of man upon coast lines. In: Thomas WH Jr (ed) Man’s role in
changing the face of the earth. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 504–521
De Lillis M, Costanzo L, Bianco PM, Tinelli A (2004) Sustainability of sand dune restoration
along the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. J Coast Conserv 10:93–100
Ehrenfeld JG (2000) Defining the limits of restoration: the need for realistic goals. Restor Ecol
8:2–9
Hesp PA (1989) A review of biological and geomorphological processes involved in the initiation
and development of incipient foredunes. Proc R Soc Edinb B96:181–201
Kauffman JB, Beschta RL, Otting N, Lytjen D (1997) An ecological perspective of riparian and
stream restoration in the western United States. Fisheries 22(5):12–24
Marsh GP (1864) Man and nature: or, physical geography as modified by human action. Scribner,
New York
Nicholls RJ, Wong PP, Burkett VR, Codignotto JO, Hay JE, McLean RF, Ragoonaden S,
Woodroffe CD (2007) Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF,
Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation
and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the
intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
pp 315–356
Nordstrom KF (2008) Beach and dune restoration. Cambridge University Press, New York, p 187
Pendleton EA, Williams SJ, Thieler ER (2004) Coastal vulnerability assessment of Fire Island
National Seashore to sea-level rise. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 03-439. http://
pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-439/index.html
Psuty NP (2004) The coastal foredune: a morphological basis for regional coastal dune
development. In: Martinez ML, Psuty NP (eds) Coastal dunes: ecology and conservation.
Springer, New York, pp 10–27
Psuty NP, Silveira TM (2010) Global climate change: an opportunity for coastal dunes. J Coast
Conserv 14:153–160
Psuty NP, Pace JP, Allen JR (2005) Coastal foredune displacement and recovery, Barrett BeachTalisman, Fire Island, New York. Z Geomorphol Suppl 141:153–168
Sherman DJ, Bauer BO (1993) Dynamics of beach–dune systems. Prog Phys Geogr 17:413–447
Thomas WH Jr (ed) (1956) Man’s role in changing the face of the earth. University of Chicago
Press, Chicago, p 1193
46
N. P. Psuty and T. M. Silveira