species and the emergence of new populations of exotic origin species, change of
the trophic structure of communities, etc. (Zaitsev 2008).
31.4 Environmental Sentinels Monitoring in the Black Sea
On the north-western coast of the Black Sea, in the 1979–1980 the population of
typical “environmental sentinel” – the brown alga Cystoseira (two species) was
practically disappeared along the 300 km of the Ukrainian coast (Eremenko 1969,
2006), or drastically reduced in number along the Romanian coast (Bologa 1990).
At the same time, besides the extinction of Cystoseira, which was a dominating
algal population in the lithocontour to the late 1970s, have been disappeared its
epiphytic algae Stilophora, Dilophus and other, and Cystoseira’s, biocoenosis on
the whole, composed by dozens of species of invertebrate and fish in the northern
part of the Black Sea. The same was the fate of populations of polychaetes Janua
pagenstecheri, Pomatoceros triqueter and Ophelia bicornis, bivalve Donacilla
cornea and the oyster Ostrea edulis, inhabiting the psmmocontour and lithocontour
(Zaitsev 2015). At present, only along the Crimean coast two species of Cystoseira
remained (Milchakova 2003). Species of Phyllophora and Sargassum also are quite
sensitive to eutrophication. The latter occur on the southern (Anatolian) coast of the
Black Sea (Zaitsev 2006).
In the north-western shelf zone drastically (tens or hundreds of times) decreased
the number of copepods Pontellidae, larvae of Decapoda, larvae and fry of grey
mullets (Mugil, Liza), sole (Solea), garfish (Belone), dragonet (Callionymus) and
other fishes, inhabiting the aerocontour. It became slowly recover only since 2000s,
when the man-made impact on the Black Sea became somewhat less. However
Cystoseira along the main part of the North-Western coast is still absent.
Some representatives of the Black Sea environmental sentinels are shown in
Fig. 31.1.
Bivalve Donacilla cornea
Polychaete (bristle-worm) Ophelia bicornis
31 The Marginal Biological Indicators – An Efficient Tool for Ecological. . .
523
the trophic structure of communities, etc. (Zaitsev 2008).
31.4 Environmental Sentinels Monitoring in the Black Sea
On the north-western coast of the Black Sea, in the 1979–1980 the population of
typical “environmental sentinel” – the brown alga Cystoseira (two species) was
practically disappeared along the 300 km of the Ukrainian coast (Eremenko 1969,
2006), or drastically reduced in number along the Romanian coast (Bologa 1990).
At the same time, besides the extinction of Cystoseira, which was a dominating
algal population in the lithocontour to the late 1970s, have been disappeared its
epiphytic algae Stilophora, Dilophus and other, and Cystoseira’s, biocoenosis on
the whole, composed by dozens of species of invertebrate and fish in the northern
part of the Black Sea. The same was the fate of populations of polychaetes Janua
pagenstecheri, Pomatoceros triqueter and Ophelia bicornis, bivalve Donacilla
cornea and the oyster Ostrea edulis, inhabiting the psmmocontour and lithocontour
(Zaitsev 2015). At present, only along the Crimean coast two species of Cystoseira
remained (Milchakova 2003). Species of Phyllophora and Sargassum also are quite
sensitive to eutrophication. The latter occur on the southern (Anatolian) coast of the
Black Sea (Zaitsev 2006).
In the north-western shelf zone drastically (tens or hundreds of times) decreased
the number of copepods Pontellidae, larvae of Decapoda, larvae and fry of grey
mullets (Mugil, Liza), sole (Solea), garfish (Belone), dragonet (Callionymus) and
other fishes, inhabiting the aerocontour. It became slowly recover only since 2000s,
when the man-made impact on the Black Sea became somewhat less. However
Cystoseira along the main part of the North-Western coast is still absent.
Some representatives of the Black Sea environmental sentinels are shown in
Fig. 31.1.
Bivalve Donacilla cornea
Polychaete (bristle-worm) Ophelia bicornis
31 The Marginal Biological Indicators – An Efficient Tool for Ecological. . .
523