28.2 Material and Method
The dolphins for Palade’s research were Delphinus delphis ponticus. They live in
the Black Sea, have 1.5–1.8 m length and weight of 55–60 kg. They are part of the
mammals with teeth. Living 20–22 years old and in 1940 when Palade has achieved
his research on the Black Sea, living 1,5-2 million dolphins; in 1965 there were
300,000 and in 1980 about 50,000.
In the Black Sea in 1995–1998 lived 1500–3000 dolphins (in the past 50 years
their numbers had decreased by 13–16 times). For hunting dolphins, Palade turned
in 1938 after graduating maritime research at the Marine Zoological Station at
Agigea, later on temporary belonging to the Romanian Institute of Marine
Research, where he distinguished himself by contemporary research biologist
Dr. Bologa. Palade was helped by then-Director, Dr. I. Popovici and Mueddin
Efendi, to hunter the dolphins in Rize Anatolia. The hunting expeditions in the
Black Sea were attended by collegues from University, D. Vereanu and I. Juvara,
brightest future teachers in Bucharest and Professor Francisc I. Rainer, supervisor
of his PhD thesis. In 1938 they hunted two dolphins and in 1939 – 14 dolphins, with
Isticlar Turkish boat. This boat was used for hunting dolphins in the Caliacra area
for their fat, to be sold in Germany where they used to prepared margarine. The
kidneys of dolphins aboard, were preserved in formaldehyde, formalin-alcohol, and
so on, and the lobules in Suza mixtures (Heidenhain) and Zenkel.
Parts for cytological research they have fixed in osmic acid, Champy, CesaBianca, Flemming and Hermann mixtures, specifically in 1938–1940 period.
Palade has injected blood vessels with Prussian blue, and ureters with ink of
China. Renal tubules was not injected because ink of China entered into the
lymphatic system. Then he collected blood and urine samples for biochemical
research.
28.2.1 Working Hypothesis
Excretory system of the dolphin has value not only by removal of the metabolic
waste from body, but also in maintaining a constant internal environment. Terrestrial mammals were part of the function of excretion and through the lungs (H 2 O,
CO 2 ), skin (water, salts, etc.) which were not retained at dolphins (aquatic mammal
without sweat glands, with rare breathing). Dolphins retain an increased amount of
water. Therefore, Palade assumed that dolphins kidney should increase the yield of
excretion. Wanted to verify how and therefore changed the architecture and function of renal excretion if there is an abundant filtering and an intense reabsorption
(Ludwig’s and Cuslini hypothesis). Previous studies were done on terrestrial mammals or frog (Richards).
488
V. S^ arbu et al.
The dolphins for Palade’s research were Delphinus delphis ponticus. They live in
the Black Sea, have 1.5–1.8 m length and weight of 55–60 kg. They are part of the
mammals with teeth. Living 20–22 years old and in 1940 when Palade has achieved
his research on the Black Sea, living 1,5-2 million dolphins; in 1965 there were
300,000 and in 1980 about 50,000.
In the Black Sea in 1995–1998 lived 1500–3000 dolphins (in the past 50 years
their numbers had decreased by 13–16 times). For hunting dolphins, Palade turned
in 1938 after graduating maritime research at the Marine Zoological Station at
Agigea, later on temporary belonging to the Romanian Institute of Marine
Research, where he distinguished himself by contemporary research biologist
Dr. Bologa. Palade was helped by then-Director, Dr. I. Popovici and Mueddin
Efendi, to hunter the dolphins in Rize Anatolia. The hunting expeditions in the
Black Sea were attended by collegues from University, D. Vereanu and I. Juvara,
brightest future teachers in Bucharest and Professor Francisc I. Rainer, supervisor
of his PhD thesis. In 1938 they hunted two dolphins and in 1939 – 14 dolphins, with
Isticlar Turkish boat. This boat was used for hunting dolphins in the Caliacra area
for their fat, to be sold in Germany where they used to prepared margarine. The
kidneys of dolphins aboard, were preserved in formaldehyde, formalin-alcohol, and
so on, and the lobules in Suza mixtures (Heidenhain) and Zenkel.
Parts for cytological research they have fixed in osmic acid, Champy, CesaBianca, Flemming and Hermann mixtures, specifically in 1938–1940 period.
Palade has injected blood vessels with Prussian blue, and ureters with ink of
China. Renal tubules was not injected because ink of China entered into the
lymphatic system. Then he collected blood and urine samples for biochemical
research.
28.2.1 Working Hypothesis
Excretory system of the dolphin has value not only by removal of the metabolic
waste from body, but also in maintaining a constant internal environment. Terrestrial mammals were part of the function of excretion and through the lungs (H 2 O,
CO 2 ), skin (water, salts, etc.) which were not retained at dolphins (aquatic mammal
without sweat glands, with rare breathing). Dolphins retain an increased amount of
water. Therefore, Palade assumed that dolphins kidney should increase the yield of
excretion. Wanted to verify how and therefore changed the architecture and function of renal excretion if there is an abundant filtering and an intense reabsorption
(Ludwig’s and Cuslini hypothesis). Previous studies were done on terrestrial mammals or frog (Richards).
488
V. S^ arbu et al.